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csv2brain / app / src / main / assets / exam / c_3_06.json
ubt on 24 Jan 2024 136 KB 增加习题列表
{"msg":"第六节 系统可靠性及新技术应用","code":200,"data":{"currentIndex":null,"examId":null,"examTime":null,"questionList":[{"id":"794933090878246913","title":"<p>嵌入式系统中采用中断方式实现输入输出的主要原因是(请作答此空)。在中断时,CPU断点信息一般保存到( )中。</p>","analyze":"<p>嵌入式系统中采用中断方式实现输入输出的主要原因是能对突发事件做出快速响应。在中断时,CPU断点信息一般保存到栈中。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933092778266625"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933092723740673","questionId":"794933090878246913","content":"速度最快","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933092740517889","questionId":"794933090878246913","content":"CPU不参与操作","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933092761489409","questionId":"794933090878246913","content":"实现起来比较容易","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933092778266625","questionId":"794933090878246913","content":"能对突发事件做出快速响应","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933074671456257","title":"J2EE应用系统支持5种不同类型的构件模型,包括( )。","analyze":"J2EE 核心组成如下。<p>(1) 容器:Applet Container、Application Container、Web Container、EJB Container。</p><p>(2) 组件:Applet、Application、JSP/Servlet、EJB。</p><p>(3) 服务:HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol,超文本传输协议)。</p><p>(4) RMI-IIOP(Remote Method Invocation over the Internet Inter-ORB Protocol):远程方法调用,融合了Java RMI和CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture,公共对象请求代理体系结构)在使用Application或Web端访问EJB端组件时使用。</p><p>(5) Java IDL(Java Interface Definition Language):Java接口定义语言,主要用于访问外部的CORBA服务。</p><p>(6) JTA(Java Transaction API):用于进行事务处理操作的API。</p><p>(7) JDBC(Java Database Connectivity):为数据库操作提供的一组API。</p><p>(8) JMS(Java Massage Service):用于发送点对点消息的服务。</p><p>(9) Java Mail:用于发送邮件。</p><p>(10) JAF(JavaBeans Activation Framework):JavaBean激活框架用于封装数据。</p><p>(11) JNDI(Java Naming and Directory Interface):命名目录服务。</p><p>(12) JAXP(Java API for XML Parsing):专门用于XML解析操作的API。</p><p>(13) JCA(J2EE Connector Architecture):Java 连接器构架。</p><p>(14) JAAS(Java Authentication and Authorization Service):认证和授权服务。</p><p>(15) JSF(Java Server Faces):一种用于构建Java Web 应用程序的标准框架。</p><p>(16) JSTL(JSP Standard Tag Library):JSP标准标签库。</p><p>(17) SAAJ(SOAP with Attachments API for JAVA):在松耦合软件系统中利用SOAP协议实现的基于XML消息传递的API规范。</p><p>(18) JAXR(Java API for XML Registries):提供了多种类型注册服务进行交互的API。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933076596641793"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933076533727233","questionId":"794933074671456257","content":"Applet、JFC、JSP、Servlet、EJB","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933076554698753","questionId":"794933074671456257","content":"JNDI、IIOP、RMI、EJB、JSP/Servlet","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933076575670273","questionId":"794933074671456257","content":"JDBC、EJB、JSP、Servlet、JCA","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933076596641793","questionId":"794933074671456257","content":"Applet、Servlet、JSP、EJB、Application Client","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933122218086401","title":"数据挖掘是从数据库的大量数据中揭示出隐含的、先前未知的并有潜在价值的信息的非平凡过程,主要任务有(52)。","analyze":"数据挖掘是从数据库的大量数据中揭示出隐含的、先前未知的并有潜在价值的信息的非平凡过程,数据挖掘的任务有关联分析、聚类分析、分类分析、异常分析、特异群组分析和演变分析等等。并非所有的信息发现任务都被视为数据挖掘。例如,使用数据库管理系统查找个别的记录,或通过因特网的搜索引擎查找特定的web页面,则是信息检索领域的任务。虽然这些任务是重要的,可能涉及使用复杂的算法和数据结构,但是它们主要依赖传统的计算机科学技术和数据的明显特征来创建索引结构,从而有效地组织和检索信息。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933124109717505"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933124076163073","questionId":"794933122218086401","content":"聚类分析、联机分析、信息检索等","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933124092940289","questionId":"794933122218086401","content":"信息检索、聚类分析、分类分析等","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933124109717505","questionId":"794933122218086401","content":"聚类分析、分类分析、关联规则挖掘等","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933124126494721","questionId":"794933122218086401","content":"分类分析、联机分析、关联规则挖掘等","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933088026120193","title":"某系统由下图所示的冗余部件构成。若每个部件的千小时可靠度都为 R ,则该系 统的千小时可靠度为( )。<br/><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/86b7b1298e0fdbfa621332a31aec0011.jpg?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"86b7b1298e0fdbfa621332a31aec0011.jpg\" alt=\"1.jpg\"/>","analyze":"<p>串联系统的可靠性:</p><p><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/4440cadf7a51596a8a5e10648458514b.jpg?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"4440cadf7a51596a8a5e10648458514b.jpg\" alt=\"1.jpg\"/></p><p>并联系统的可靠性:<br/><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/7273d1632d97a7d2dba1b328693b000c.jpg?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"7273d1632d97a7d2dba1b328693b000c.jpg\" alt=\"2.jpg\"/></p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933089921945601"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933089896779777","questionId":"794933088026120193","content":"(1-R3)(1-R2)","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933089921945601","questionId":"794933088026120193","content":"(1-(1-R)3)(1-(1-R)2)","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933089942917121","questionId":"794933088026120193","content":"(1-R3)+(1-R2)","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933089968082945","questionId":"794933088026120193","content":"(1-(1-R)3)+(1-(1-R)2)","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933127872008193","title":"下列关于软件可靠性的叙述,不正确的是___。","analyze":"软件可靠性是软件系统在规定的时间内及规定的环境条件下,完成规定功能的能力,也就是软件无故障运行的概率。这里的故障是软件行为与需求的不符,故障有等级之分。软件可靠性可以通过历史数据和开发数据直接测量和估算出来。在软件开发中,排除一个故障可能会引入其他的错误,而这些错误会导致其他的故障,因此,在修改错误以后,还需要进行回归测试。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933129721696257"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933129721696257","questionId":"794933127872008193","content":"由于影响软件可靠性的因素很复杂,软件可靠性不能通过历史数据和开发数据直接测量和估算出来","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933129746862081","questionId":"794933127872008193","content":"软件可靠性是指在特定环境和特定时间内,计算机程序无故障运行的概率","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933129767833601","questionId":"794933127872008193","content":"在软件可靠性的讨论中,故障指软件行为与需求的不符,故障有等级之分","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933129788805121","questionId":"794933127872008193","content":"排除一个故障可能会引入其他的错误,而这些错误会导致其他的故障","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933069004951553","title":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"p\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">使用者通过网络按需随时获取和使用资源或服务,并随时扩展,按使用付费,这种计算模式属于</span>_</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;\">(</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;\">)</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;\">_<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">。</span></span></p><p class=\"p\"><br/></p>","analyze":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"p\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">云计算是一种网络应用模式。狭义云计算是指</span>IT<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">基础设施的交付和使用模式,指通过网络以按需、易扩展的方式获得所需的资源;广义云计算是指服务的交付和使用模式,指通过网络以按需、易扩展的方式获得所需的服务。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"p\"><strong><span class=\"15\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">答案</span></span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;\">:</span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">C</span></p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933070904971265"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933070863028225","questionId":"794933069004951553","content":"远程计算","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933070883999745","questionId":"794933069004951553","content":"即时计算","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933070904971265","questionId":"794933069004951553","content":"云计算","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933070925942785","questionId":"794933069004951553","content":"智能计算","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933099321380865","title":"下列关于软件可靠性的叙述,不正确的是()。","analyze":"软件可靠性是软件系统在规定的时间内及规定的环境条件下,完成规定功能的能力,也就是软件无故障运行的概率。这里的故障是软件行为与需求的不符,故障有等级之分。软件可靠性可以通过历史数据和开发数据直接测量和估算出来。在软件开发中,排除一个故障可能会引入其他的错误,而这些错误会导致其他的故障,因此,在修改错误以后,还需要进行回归测试。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933101221400577"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933101221400577","questionId":"794933099321380865","content":"由于影响软件可靠性的因素很复杂,软件可靠性不能通过历史数据和开发数据直接测量和估算出来","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933101254955009","questionId":"794933099321380865","content":"软件可靠性是指在特定环境和特定时间内,计算机程序无故障运行的概率","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933101280120833","questionId":"794933099321380865","content":"在软件可靠性的讨论中,故障指软件行为与需求的不符,故障有等级之分","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933101309480961","questionId":"794933099321380865","content":"排除一个故障可能会引入其他的错误,而这些错误会导致其他的故障","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933116551581697","title":"容错计算机中采用冗余技术来提高系统的可靠性和可用性。这些冗余技术不包括(22) 。","analyze":"实现容错技术的主要手段是冗余。冗余是指实现系统规定功能时多余的那部分资源,包括硬件(结构)、软件(冗余附加)、信息和时间。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933118451601409"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933118405464065","questionId":"794933116551581697","content":"硬件冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933118422241281","questionId":"794933116551581697","content":"信息冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933118434824193","questionId":"794933116551581697","content":"时间冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933118451601409","questionId":"794933116551581697","content":"人员冗余","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933096502808577","title":"()是一种信息分析工具,能自动地找出数据仓库中的模式及关系。","analyze":"数据挖掘就是应用一系列技术从大型数据库或数据仓库中提取人们感兴趣的信息和知识,这些知识或信息是隐含的,事先未知而潜在有用的,提取的知识表示为概念、规则、规律、模式等形式。也可以说,数据挖掘是一类深层次的数据分析。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933098377662465"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933098356690945","questionId":"794933096502808577","content":"数据集市","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933098377662465","questionId":"794933096502808577","content":"数据挖掘","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933098394439681","questionId":"794933096502808577","content":"预测分析","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933098415411201","questionId":"794933096502808577","content":"数据统计","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933107848400897","title":"以下关于系统性能评估方法的描述,错误的是()。","analyze":"本题主要考查对各种系统性能评估方法的理解与掌握。指令执行速度法常用每秒百万次指令运算(MIPS)评估系统 性能;等效指令速度法评估系统性能时需要计算各类指令在程序中所占的比例;综合理论性能法(CPT)采用每秒百万次 理论运算(MTOPS) 评估系统性能;基准程序法主要针对CPU (有时包括主存)的性能,通常也会考虑I/O结构、操作系统、编译程序的效率等对系统性能的影响。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933109853278209"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933109840695297","questionId":"794933107848400897","content":"指令执行速度法常用每秒百万次指令运算(MIPS)评估系统性能","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933109853278209","questionId":"794933107848400897","content":"基准程序法主要针对CPU (有时包括主存)的性能,但没有考虑I/O结构、 操作系统、编译程序的效率等对系统性能 的影响","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933109870055425","questionId":"794933107848400897","content":"等效指令速度法评估系统性能时需要计算各类指令在程序中所占的比例","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933109882638337","questionId":"794933107848400897","content":"综合理论性能法(CPT)采用每秒百万次理论运算(MTOPS)评估系统性能","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933125045047297","title":"提高计算机可靠性可以采用冗余技术,下面的例子中属于信息冗余的是(49)。","analyze":"冗余技术分为硬件冗余、软件冗余、信息冗余和时间冗余4种。软件备份是属于软件冗余范畴。信息冗余是在实现正常功能所需要的信息之外再添加—些信息,以保证运行的结果正确。所有的纠错码和检错码都属干信息冗余技术。程序卷回是从出错的地方重新执行程序,属于时间冗余技术。指令复执也是时间冗余技术,就是重新执行出错的指令。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933126919901185"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933126903123969","questionId":"794933125045047297","content":"软件备份","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933126919901185","questionId":"794933125045047297","content":"CRC校验","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933126936678401","questionId":"794933125045047297","content":"程序卷回","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933126953455617","questionId":"794933125045047297","content":"指令复执","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933080400875521","title":"<p>区块链2.0技术架构自下而上分为数据层、网络层、共识层、激励层、智能合约层和应用层,数据验证机制属于其中的()。</p>","analyze":"<p>区块链系统自下而上由数据层,网络层,共识层,激励层,合约层和应用层组成。<br/></p><p>1、数据层<br/>数据层封装了底层数据区块以及相关的数据加密和时间戳等技术;<br/>2、网络层<br/>网络层则包括分布式组网机制、数据传播机制和数据验证机制等;<br/>3、共识层<br/>共识层主要封装网络节点的各类共识算法;<br/>4、激励层<br/>激励层将经济因素集成到区块链技术体系中来,主要包括经济激励的发行机制和分配机制等;<br/>5、合约层<br/>合约层主要封装各类脚本、算法和智能合约,是区块链可编程特性的基础;<br/>6、应用层<br/>应用层则封装了区块链的各种应用场景和案例。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933082288312321"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933082275729409","questionId":"794933080400875521","content":"数据层","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933082288312321","questionId":"794933080400875521","content":"网络层","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933082305089537","questionId":"794933080400875521","content":"共识层","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933082321866753","questionId":"794933080400875521","content":"激励层","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933071844495361","title":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">网络的可用性是指</span>__&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri;\">__<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">。</span></span></p><p class=\"p\"><br/></p>","analyze":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"p\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">可用性是指网络系统、网络元素或网络应用对用户可利用的时间的百分比。有些应用对可用性很敏感,例如飞机订票系统若宕机一小时,就可能减少几十万元的票款;而股票交易系统如果中断运行一分钟,就可能造成几千万元的损失。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"p\"><strong><span class=\"15\" style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">答案</span></span></strong><strong><span class=\"15\" style=\"font-family: 宋体;\">:</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt;\">D</span></p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933073761292289"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933073710960641","questionId":"794933071844495361","content":"网络通信能力的大小","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933073723543553","questionId":"794933071844495361","content":"用户用于网络维修的时间","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933073740320769","questionId":"794933071844495361","content":"网络的可靠性","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933073761292289","questionId":"794933071844495361","content":"网络可供用户使用的时间百分比","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933136386445313","title":"<p>某计算机系统各组成部件的可靠性模型由下图所示。若每个部件的千小时可靠度都为R,则该计算机系统的千小时可靠度为 (60) 。<br/></p><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/6d93be569d948ba8f388639662b2ccdc.jpg?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"6d93be569d948ba8f388639662b2ccdc.jpg\" alt=\"111.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"122\"/>","analyze":"<p>若各子系统的可靠度为R1,R2,…,Rn,则整个并联系统的可靠度为:</p><p>R=1-(1-R1)(1-R2)(1-R3)…(1-Rn))</p><p>整个串联系统的可靠度为:</p><p>R=R1*R2*…*Rn</p><p>因此,题中所给系统的可靠度为<img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/47393e82c72f7b5bf0faf28489d55ab1.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"47393e82c72f7b5bf0faf28489d55ab1.png\" alt=\"image.png\"/></p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933138286465025"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933138248716289","questionId":"794933136386445313","content":"<img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/c139b338c938e79e22314d436dfdbf3e.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"c139b338c938e79e22314d436dfdbf3e.png\" alt=\"image.png\"/>","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933138265493505","questionId":"794933136386445313","content":"<img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/d7f6e181fb3e3c312558c027dd84eb4c.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"d7f6e181fb3e3c312558c027dd84eb4c.png\" alt=\"image.png\"/>","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933138286465025","questionId":"794933136386445313","content":"<img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/54572116525ed3bbd00f4338f8f73cf5.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"54572116525ed3bbd00f4338f8f73cf5.png\" alt=\"image.png\"/>","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933138303242241","questionId":"794933136386445313","content":"<img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/f949594c25b189557212df4a538ead0e.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\" title=\"f949594c25b189557212df4a538ead0e.png\" alt=\"image.png\"/>","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933102228033537","title":"采用软件冗余的方法提高系统的可靠性,需要设计Ⅳ个相同功能的程序模块,这些模块必须()。","analyze":"N版本程序设计是一种静态的故障屏蔽技术,采用前向恢复的策略,其设计思想是用N个具有相同功能的程序同时执行一项计算,结果通过多数表决来选择。其中N份程序是由不同的人,按相同的需求文档,使用不同的方法独立设计并实现出来的。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933104111276033"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933104081915905","questionId":"794933102228033537","content":"由同一组程序员按照相同的规格说明进行编写","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933104094498817","questionId":"794933102228033537","content":"由同一组程序员按照不同的规格说明进行编写","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933104111276033","questionId":"794933102228033537","content":"由不同的程序员按照相同的规格说明进行编写","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933104128053249","questionId":"794933102228033537","content":"由不同的程序员按照不同的规格说明进行编写","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933093688430593","title":"嵌入式系统中采用中断方式实现输入输出的主要原因是()。在中断时,CPU断点信息一般保存到(请作答此空)中。","analyze":"嵌入式系统中采用中断方式实现输入输出的主要原因是能对突发事件做出快速响应。在中断时,CPU断点信息一般保存到栈中。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933095575867393"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933095546507265","questionId":"794933093688430593","content":"通用寄存器","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933095559090177","questionId":"794933093688430593","content":"堆","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933095575867393","questionId":"794933093688430593","content":"栈","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933095592644609","questionId":"794933093688430593","content":"I/O接口","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933077536165889","title":"智能具有感知、记忆、自适应等特点,能够存储感知到的外部信息及由思维产生的知识,同时能够利用已有的知识对信息进行分析、计算、比较、判断、联想和决策属于智能的_____能力。","analyze":"智能一般具有这样一些特点:一是具有感知能力,即具有能够感知外部世界、获取外部信息的能力,这是产生智能活动的前提条件和必要条件;二是具有记忆和思维能力,即能够存储感知到的外部信息及由思维产生的知识,同时能够利用已有的知识对信息进行分析、计算、比较、判断、联想和决策;三是具有学习能力和自适应能力,即通过与环境的相互作用,不断学习积累知识,使自己能够适应环境变化;四是具有行为决策能力,即对外界的刺激做出反应,形成决策并传达相应的信息。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933079440379905"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933079415214081","questionId":"794933077536165889","content":"感知","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933079440379905","questionId":"794933077536165889","content":"记忆和思维","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933079465545729","questionId":"794933077536165889","content":"学习和自适应","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933079486517249","questionId":"794933077536165889","content":"行为决策","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933133521735681","title":"<p>实现容错计算的主要手段是冗余。()中动态冗余的典型例子是热备系统和冷备系统。</p>","analyze":"<p>实现容错技术的主要手段是冗余。冗余是指实现系统规定功能是多余的那部分资源,包括硬件(结构)、软件(冗余附加)、信息和时间。</p><p>结构冗余是通常用的冗余技术,按其工作方式,可分为静态冗余、动态冗余和混合冗余3种。热备系统和冷备系统属于这3种当中的动态冗余。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933135388200961"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933135388200961","questionId":"794933133521735681","content":"结构冗余","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933135417561089","questionId":"794933133521735681","content":"信息冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933135442726913","questionId":"794933133521735681","content":"时间冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933135467892737","questionId":"794933133521735681","content":"冗余附加技术","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933066026995713","title":"<p><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/18c4344039b65d98de59dce67dd62830.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\"/></p>","analyze":"<p><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/0953080bc9d518529e15386170b974ef.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\"/></p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933068082204673"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933068052844545","questionId":"794933066026995713","content":"A","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933068069621761","questionId":"794933066026995713","content":"B","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933068082204673","questionId":"794933066026995713","content":"C","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933068098981889","questionId":"794933066026995713","content":"D","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933139242766337","title":"云计算可以按需提供弹性资源,它的体系结构由5部分组成。其中, (59) 方便用户使用云计算服务所需的各种支撑服务,针对每个层次的云计算服务都提供相应的访问接口。","analyze":"<p>云计算可以按需提供弹性资源,它的体系结构由5部分组成。</p><p>1)资源层:基础架构层面的云计算服务,这些服务可以提供虚拟化的资源,从而隐藏物理资源的复杂性。</p><p>2)平台层:为用户提供对资源层服务的封装,使用户可以构建自己的应用。</p><p>3)应用层:提供软件服务。</p><p>4)用户访问层:方便用户使用云计算服务所需的各种支撑服务,针对每个层次的云计算服务都提供相应的访问接口。</p><p>5)管理层:提供对所有层次云计算服务的管理功能。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933141176340481"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933141117620225","questionId":"794933139242766337","content":"应用层","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933141146980353","questionId":"794933139242766337","content":"平台层","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933141176340481","questionId":"794933139242766337","content":"用户访问层","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933141201506305","questionId":"794933139242766337","content":"管理层","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933130703163393","title":"<p>容错计算机中采用冗余技术来提高系统的可靠性和可用性。这些冗余技术不包括() 。</p>","analyze":"<p>实现容错技术的主要手段是冗余。冗余是指实现系统规定功能时多余的那部分资源,包括硬件(结构)、软件(冗余附加)、信息和时间。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933132603183105"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933132552851457","questionId":"794933130703163393","content":"硬件冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933132569628673","questionId":"794933130703163393","content":"信息冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933132586405889","questionId":"794933130703163393","content":"时间冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933132603183105","questionId":"794933130703163393","content":"人员冗余","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933105034022913","title":"下列关于软件可靠性的叙述,不正确的是_____。","analyze":"软件可靠性是软件系统在规定的时间内及规定的环境条件下,完成规定功能的能力,也就是软件无故障运行的概率。这里的故障是软件行为与需求的不符,故障有等级之分。软件可靠性可以通过历史数据和开发数据直接测量和估算出来。在软件开发中,排除一个故障可能会引入其他的错误,而这些错误会导致其他的故障,因此,在修改错误以后,还需要进行回归测试。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933106883710977"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933106883710977","questionId":"794933105034022913","content":"由于影响软件可靠性的因素很复杂,软件可靠性不能通过历史数据和开发数据直接测量和估算出来","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933106900488193","questionId":"794933105034022913","content":"软件可靠性是指在特定环境和特定时间内,计算机程序无故障运行的概率","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933106917265409","questionId":"794933105034022913","content":"在软件可靠性的讨论中,故障指软件行为与需求的不符,故障有等级之分","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933106934042625","questionId":"794933105034022913","content":"排除一个故障可能会引入其他的错误,而这些错误会导致其他的故障","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933062805770241","title":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">以下不属于软件容错技术的是</span></span><span style=\"text-decoration:underline;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>33)</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">。</span></span></p>","analyze":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">容错是指系统在运行过程中发生一定的硬件故障或软件错误时,仍能保持正常工作而不影响正确结果的一种性能或措施。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">容错技术主要是采用冗余方法来消除故障的影响。冗余是指在正常系统运行所需的基础上加上一定数量的资源,包括信息、时间、硬件和软件。主要的冗余技术有结构冗余</span>(硬件冗余和软件冗余)、信息兀余、时间冗余和冗余附加4种。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">结构冗余是常用的冗余技术,按其工作方式,可分为静态冗余、动态冗余和混合冗余三种。静态冗余又称为屏蔽冗余或被动冗余,常用的有三模冗余和多模冗余。动态冗余又称为主动冗余,它是通过故障检测、故障定位及故障恢复等手段达到容错的目的。其主要方式是多重模块待机储备,当系统检测到某工作模块出现错误时,就用一个备用的模块来顶替它并重新运行。各备用模块在其待机时,可与主模块一样工作,也可不工作。前者叫做热备份系统</span>(双重系统),后者叫做冷备份系统(双工系统、双份系统)。混合冗余技术是将静态冗余和动态冗余结合起来。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">除冗余技术之外,软件容错技术还可采用</span>N版本程序设计、恢复块方法和防卫式程序设计等。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">N版本程序设计是一种静态的故障屏蔽技术,采用前向恢复的策略;N版本程序的设计思想是用N个具有相同功能的程序同时执行一项计算,结果通过多数表决来选择。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">恢复块方法是一种动态的故障屏蔽技术,采用后向恢复策略;恢复块方法提供具有相同功能的主块和几个后备块,一个块就是一个执行完整的程序段,主块首先投入运行,结束后进行验证测试,如果没有通过验证测试,系统经现场恢复后由后备块</span>1运行。后备块1运行结束后也进行验证测试,如果没有通过验证测试,系统经现场恢复后由后备块2运行。重复这一过程,可以重复到耗尽所有的后备块,或者某个程序故障行为超出了预料,从而导致不可恢复的后果。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">防卫式程序设计是一种不采用任何传统的容错技术就能实现软件容错的方法,对于程序中存在的错误和不一致性,防卫式程序设计的基本思想是通过在程序中包含错误检查代码和错误恢复代码,使得一旦发生错误,程序就能撤销错误状态,恢复到一个己知的正确状态中去。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">参考答案:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">(33)</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">D</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933064999391233"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933064953253889","questionId":"794933062805770241","content":"热备份或冷备份系统","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933064970031105","questionId":"794933062805770241","content":"纠错码","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933064982614017","questionId":"794933062805770241","content":"三模冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933064999391233","questionId":"794933062805770241","content":"程序走查","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933119361765377","title":"实现容错计算的主要手段是冗余。(23)中动态冗余的典型例子是热备系统和冷备系统。","analyze":"<p>实现容错技术的主要手段是冗余。冗余是指实现系统规定功能是多余的那部分资源,包括硬件(结构)、软件(冗余附加)、信息和时间。</p><p>结构冗余是通常用的冗余技术,按其工作方式,可分为静态冗余、动态冗余和混合冗余3种。热备系统和冷备系统属于这3种当中的动态冗余。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933121232424961"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933121232424961","questionId":"794933119361765377","content":"结构冗余","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933121257590785","questionId":"794933119361765377","content":"信息冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933121278562305","questionId":"794933119361765377","content":"时间冗余","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933121307922433","questionId":"794933119361765377","content":"冗余附加技术","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933085153021953","title":"某云计算服务商向电信运营商提供计算能力、存储空间及相应的运营管理服务。按照云计算服务提供的资源层次,该服务类型属于 &nbsp; &nbsp;。","analyze":"IaaS(基础设施即服务),向用户提供计算机能力、存储空间等基础设施方面的服务。这种服务模式需要较大的基础设施投入和长期运营管理经验,但IaaS服务单纯出租资源,盈利能力有限。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933087057235969"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933087057235969","questionId":"794933085153021953","content":"IaaS","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933087074013185","questionId":"794933085153021953","content":"CaaS","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933087094984705","questionId":"794933085153021953","content":"PaaS","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933087115956225","questionId":"794933085153021953","content":"SaaS","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933110788608001","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>在系统转换的过程中,旧系统和新系统并行工作一段时间,再由新系统代替旧系统的策略称为 (16) ;在新系统全部正式运行前,一部分一部分地代替旧系统的策略称为 &nbsp;(17) &nbsp;。</p>","analyze":"<p>新系统试运行成功之后,就可以在新系统和旧系统之间互相转换。新旧系统之间的转换方式有直接转换、并行转换和分段转换。</p><p>直接转换。直接转换就是在确定新系统运行无误时,立刻启用新系统,终止旧系统运行。这种方式对人员、设备费用很节省。这种方式一般适用于一些处理过程不太复杂,数据不太重要的场合。</p><p>并行转换。这种转换方式是新旧系统并行工作一段时间,经过一段时间的考验、以后,新系统正式替代旧系统。对于较复杂的大型系统,它提供了一个与旧系统运行结果进行比较的机会,可以对新旧两个系统的时间要求、出错次数和工作效率给以公正的评价。当然由于与旧系统并行工作,消除了尚未认识新系统之前的紧张和不安。在银行、财务和一些企业的核心系统中,这是一种经常使用的转换方式。它的主要特点是安全、可靠,但费用和工作量都很大,因为在相当长时间内系统要两套班子并行工作。</p><p>分段转换。分段转换又称逐步转换、向导转换、试点过渡法等。这种转换方式实际上是以上两种转换方式的结合。在新系统全部正式运行前,一部分一部分地代替旧系统。那些在转换过程中还没有正式运行的部分,可以在一个模拟环境中继续试运行。这种方式既保证了可靠性,又不至于费用太大。但是这种分段转换要求子系统之间有一定的独立性,对系统的设计和实现都有一定的要求,否则就无法实现这种分段转换的设想。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933112755736577"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933112705404929","questionId":"794933110788608001","content":"直接转换","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933112717987841","questionId":"794933110788608001","content":"位置转换","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933112738959361","questionId":"794933110788608001","content":"分段转换","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933112755736577","questionId":"794933110788608001","content":"并行转换","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933113670094849","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>在系统转换的过程中,旧系统和新系统并行工作一段时间,再由新系统代替旧系统的策略称为 (16) ;在新系统全部正式运行前,一部分一部分地代替旧系统的策略称为 &nbsp;(17) &nbsp;。</p>","analyze":"<p>新系统试运行成功之后,就可以在新系统和旧系统之间互相转换。新旧系统之间的转换方式有直接转换、并行转换和分段转换。</p><p>直接转换。直接转换就是在确定新系统运行无误时,立刻启用新系统,终止旧系统运行。这种方式对人员、设备费用很节省。这种方式一般适用于一些处理过程不太复杂,数据不太重要的场合。</p><p>并行转换。这种转换方式是新旧系统并行工作一段时间,经过一段时间的考验、以后,新系统正式替代旧系统。对于较复杂的大型系统,它提供了一个与旧系统运行结果进行比较的机会,可以对新旧两个系统的时间要求、出错次数和工作效率给以公正的评价。当然由于与旧系统并行工作,消除了尚未认识新系统之前的紧张和不安。在银行、财务和一些企业的核心系统中,这是一种经常使用的转换方式。它的主要特点是安全、可靠,但费用和工作量都很大,因为在相当长时间内系统要两套班子并行工作。</p><p>分段转换。分段转换又称逐步转换、向导转换、试点过渡法等。这种转换方式实际上是以上两种转换方式的结合。在新系统全部正式运行前,一部分一部分地代替旧系统。那些在转换过程中还没有正式运行的部分,可以在一个模拟环境中继续试运行。这种方式既保证了可靠性,又不至于费用太大。但是这种分段转换要求子系统之间有一定的独立性,对系统的设计和实现都有一定的要求,否则就无法实现这种分段转换的设想。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933115612057601"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933115565920257","questionId":"794933113670094849","content":"直接转换","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933115591086081","questionId":"794933113670094849","content":"并行转换","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933115612057601","questionId":"794933113670094849","content":"分段转换","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933115637223425","questionId":"794933113670094849","content":"位置转换","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933147736231937","title":"<br><p><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">试题四</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">. 论非关系型数据库技术及应用</span><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">非关系型数据库(</span>NoSQL数据库)在数据模型、可靠性、一致性等诸多数据库核心机制方面与关系型数据库有着显著的不同。非关系型数据库技术包括:(1)使用可扩展的松耦合类型数据模式未对数据进行逻辑建模;(2)为遵循CAP定理的跨多节点数据分布模型而设计,支持水平伸缩;(3)拥有在磁盘和(或)内存中的数据持久化能力; (4)支持多种非SQL接口来进行数据访问。非关系型数据库都具有非常高的读写性能,尤其在大数据量下,依然表现优秀,数据之间的弱关联关系使得数据库的结构简单,实现了更细粒度的缓存机制,具有更好的性能表现。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">简要叙述你参与的使用了非关系型数据库的软件系统开发项目以及你所承担的主要工作。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">2</span></span><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">.</span><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">详细论述非关系型数据库有哪几类不同实现方式,每种方式有何技术特点和代表性数据库产品。</span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; text-indent: 0pt;\">3.根据你所参与的项目中使用的非关系型数据库,具体阐述使用方法和实施效果。</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; text-indent: 0pt;\"><br/></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p>","analyze":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">简要叙述你参与的使用了非关系型数据库的软件系统开发项目以及你所承担的主要工作。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">根据要求能够概要叙述你参与非关系型数据库系统开发项目背景,可以包括项目的名称、起始时间、项目背景介绍、干系人、建设内容等内容,介绍你在本项目中的角色,工作职责,主要承担的工作</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">(灾备工程)</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">等内容。此部分内容可以分为一段,或者二段均可,字数在</span>300-400为宜。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">详细论述非关系型数据库有哪几类不同实现方式,每种方式有何技术特点和代表性数据库产品。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">(1) 键值(Key-Value)存储数据库。这一类数据库主要会使用到一个哈希表, 这个表中有一个特定的键和一个指针指向特定的数据。Key/value模型对于IT系统来说的优势在于简单、易部署。但是如果DBA只对部分值进行查询或更新的时候,ICey/value就显得效率低下了。数据库产品包括:TokyoCabinet/Tyrant,Redis,Voldemort,Oracle BDB。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">(</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">2</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">) 列存储数据库。这部分数据库通常是用来应对分布式存储的海量数据。键仍然存在,但是它们的特点是指向了多个列。这些列是由列家族来安排的。数据库产品包括:Cassandra,HBase,Riak。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">(</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">3</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">) 文档型数据库。文档型数据库的灵感来自于Lotus Notes办公软件,而且它同第一种键值存储相类似。该类型的数据模型是版本化的文档,半结构化的文档以特定的格式存储,比如JSON。文档型数据库可以看作是键值数据库的升级版,允许中间嵌套键值。而且文档型数据库比键值数据库的查询效率更高。数据库产品包括:CouchDB,MongoDb,SequoiaDB。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">(</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">4</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">) 图形(Graph)数据库。图形结构的数据库同其他行列以及刚性结构的SQL数据库不同,它使用灵活的图形模型,并且能够扩展到多个服务器上。NoSQL数据库没有标准的查询语言(SQL),因此进行数据库査询需要制定数据模型。许多NoSQL数据库都有REST式的数据接口或者查询API。数据库产品包括:Neo4J,InfoGrid,Infinite Graph。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">3.根据你所参与的项目中使用的非关系型数据库,具体阐述使用方法和实施效果。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">你一定要懂得和运用过非关系型数据库,并能够将其使用方法、函数进行响应描述,在具体工程实施过程中如何运用实现进行详细描述,最终将使用效果进行表述,如存在问题,可以适当点出,并提出解决方案。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p>","multi":0,"questionType":3,"answer":"<p>见解析</p>","chooseItem":null,"itemList":null,"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933146784124929","title":"<br><p><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">试题三</span>. 论软件系统的容灾与恢复</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">随着计算机应用的日益普及和不断深入,软件系统的规模和复杂性急剧增大,软件已经成为系统中的核心部件。在航空航天、武器装备、医疗设备、交通、核能、金融等安全攸关的应用领域,软件系统失效将导致灾难性的后果。因此,当软件系统的一个完整应用环境因灾难性事件遭到破坏时,为了迅速恢复系统的数据和环境,需要采用灾难备份和恢复技术,确保软件系统能够快速从灾难造成的故障或瘫痪状态恢复到正常运行状态,并将其支持的业务功能从灾难造成的不正常状态恢复到可接受状态。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">概要叙述你参与管理和开发的软件项目及在其中所担任的主要工作。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; font-size: 10.5pt;\">2.</span><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">详细论述容灾系统灾难恢复的主要技术,涵盖灾难恢复的技术指标、灾难恢复等级划分、容灾系统的分类等方面。</span></span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; text-indent: 0pt;\">3.结合你具体参与管理和开发的实际项目,说明该项目中是如何实施灾难恢复的,实际效果如何。</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; text-indent: 0pt;\"><br/></span></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; color: #FF0000; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p>","analyze":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">1.</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">概要叙述你参与管理和开发的软件项目及在其中所担任的主要工作。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">根据要求能够概要叙述你参与和开发的软件项目背景,可以包括项目的名称、起始时间、项目背景介绍、建设内容、项目金额等内容,介绍你在本项目中的角色,工作职责,主要承担的工作</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">(灾备工程)</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">等内容。此部分内容可以分为一段,或者二段均可,字数在</span>300-400为宜。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\">2.</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">详细论述容灾系统灾难恢复的主要技术,涵盖灾难恢复的技术指标、灾难恢复等级划分、容灾系统的分类等方面。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">灾难恢复</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">定义:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">是指为了将信息系统从灾难造成的故障或瘫痪状态恢复到可正常运行状态,并将其支持的业务功能从灾难造成的不正常状态恢复到可接受状态而设计的活动和流程。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">1)</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">技术指标</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">灾难恢复的指标主要与容灾系统的数据恢复能力有关。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">灾难恢复的两个关键概念是恢复点目标</span>(Recovery Point Objective,RPO)和恢复时间目标(Recovery Time Objective,RTO)。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">RPO是指灾难发生后,容灾系统能将数据恢复到灾难发生前时间点的数据,它是衡量企业在灾难发生后会丢失多少数据的指标;RTO则是指灾难发生后,从系统宕机导致业务停顿时刻开始,到系统恢复至可以支持业务部门运作,业务恢复运营之时,此两点之间的时间。RPO可简单描述为企业能容忍的最大数据丢失量,RTO可简单描述为企业能容忍的恢复时间。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">理想状态下,希望</span>RTO=0,RPO=0,即灾难发生对企业生产毫无影响,既不会导致生产停顿,也不会导致生产数据丢失。但显然这不现实,企业要做的是尽量减少灾难造成的损失。企业在构建容灾备份系统时,首先要找到对企业自身而言比较适合的RTO目标,即在该目标定义下,用于灾难备份的投入应不大于对应的业务损失。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">2</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">灾难恢复等级</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">在《信息系统灾难恢复规范》</span>(GB/T20988-2007)中,将灾难恢复划分为6个等级。第1级为基本支持,第2级为备用场地支持,第3级为电子传输和部分设备支持,第4级为电子传输及完整设备支持,第5级为实时数据传输及完整设备支持,第6级为数据零丢失和远程集群支持。同时,该规范对灾难恢复能力等级评定原则和灾难备份中心的等级等也作了规范要求。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">3</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">容灾系统的分类</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">容灾系统的归类要由其最终达到的效果来决定,从其对系统的保护程度来分,可以将容灾系统分为数据容灾和应用容灾</span>.它们的高可用性级别逐渐提高。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">数据容灾的关注点在于数据,即灾难发生后可以确保用户原有的数据不会丢失或遭到破坏。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">应用容灾是在数据容灾的基础上,再将执行应用处理能力复制一份,也就是说,在备份站点同样构建一套应用系统。应用容灾系统能提供不间断的应用服务,让用户应用的服务请求能够透明地继续运行,而感受不到灾难的发生,保证信息系统提供的服务完整、可靠和安全。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">3.结合你具体参与管理和开发的实际项目,说明该项目中是如何实施灾难恢复的,实际效果如何。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; color: #FF0000; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">你需要结合实际项目,能够通过实例进行论证,</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">论述该项目如何实施软件灾难恢复规划。需要涵盖灾难恢复需求的确定、灾难恢复策略的制定、灾难恢复策略的实现和灾难恢复预案的制定和管理等内容,并需要说明具体实施过程及实际效果。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p>","multi":0,"questionType":3,"answer":"<p>见解析</p>","chooseItem":null,"itemList":null,"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794918060862492673","title":"<br><p>【说明】 某软件公司为共享单车租赁公司开发一套单车租赁服务系统,公司项目组对此待开发项目进 行了分析,具体描述如下:</p><p>1)用户(非注册用户)通过手机向租赁服务系统进行注册,成为可租赁共享单车的合法用户, 其中包括提供身份、手机号等信息,并支付约定押金;</p><p>2)将采购的共享单车注册到租赁服务系统后方可投入使用。即将单车的标识信息(车辆编号、 二维码等)录入到系统;</p><p>3)用户(注册或非注册用户)通过手机查询可获得单车的地理位置信息以便就近取用;</p><p>4)用户(注册用户)通过手机登录到租赁服务系统中,通过扫描二维码或输入车辆编号以进行 系统确认,系统后台对指定车辆状态(可用或不可用),以及用户资格进行确认,通过确认后 对车辆下达解锁指令;</p><p>5)用户在用完车辆后关闭车锁,车辆自身将闭锁状态上报到租赁服务系统中,完成车辆状态 的更新和用户租赁费用结算;</p><p>6)系统应具备一定的扩容能力,以满足未来市场规模扩张的需要。 项目组李工认为该系统功能相对独立,系统可分解为不同的独立功能模块,适合采用结构化 分析与设计方法对系统进行分析与设计。但王工认为,系统可管理的对象明确,而且项目团 队具有较强的面向对象系统开发经验,建议采用面向对象分析与设计方法。经项目组讨论, 决定采用王工的建议,采用面向对象分析与设计方法开发系统。</p><p>【问题 3】(6 分) 随着共享单车投放量以及用户量的增加会存在系统性能或容量下降问题,请用 200 字以内的 文字说明,在系统设计之初,如何考虑此类问题?</p>","analyze":"<p>无</p>","multi":0,"questionType":3,"answer":"<p>(1)、考虑弹性扩展,利用集群,扩展时采用水平扩展方式</p><p>(2)、利用分布式存储,将每个城市的数据安区域分散存储,减少压力,提升性能</p><p>(3)、采用负载均衡技术,提升高并发能力</p>","chooseItem":null,"itemList":null,"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933149703360513","title":"<br><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><h3>试题五( 25 分)</h3><p>阅读以下关于Web 应用系统负载均衡的问题,在答题纸上回答问题1至问题3。<br/>某电子商务公司的主要业务是书籍、服装、家电和日用品的在线销售。随着公司业务发展和用户规模的不断扩大,现有的网上交易系统无法正常处理日益增大的请求流量,公司决策层决定升级其网上交易系统。在对该系统的升级方案进行设计和讨论时,公司的系统分析师王工提出采用基于高性能主机系统的方法进行系统升级,另外一位系统分析师李工则提出采用基于负载均衡集群的方法进行系统升级。公司的分析师和架构师对这两种思路进行讨论与评估,最终采纳了李工的方法。&nbsp;</p><p>【问题 1】(9 分)<br/>请从系统的可用性、可伸缩性和应用特点三个方面说明公司为何没有采用王工提出的方法。<br/>【问题 2】(8 分)&nbsp;<br/>负载均衡通常分为传输层负载均衡和应用层负载均衡两类。请基于这种分类方式,说明基于 DNS 的负载均衡方法和基于 HTTP 重定向服务器的负载均衡方法分别属于哪类负载均衡方法,并用200字以内的文字说明这两种方法实现负载均衡的方式。<br/>【问题 3】(8 分)<br/>在确定使用基于负载均衡集群的系统升级方法后,李工给出了一个基于LVS(Linux Virtual Server)的负载均衡集群实现方案。公司的系统分析师在对现有系统进行深入分析的基础上,认为以下两个实际情况对升级方案影响较大,需要对该方案进行改进。<br/>1. 系统需要为在线购物提供购物车功能,用来临时存放选中的产品。<br/>2. 系统需要保证向所有的VIP 用户提供高质量的服务。<br/>针对上述描述,首先说明每种情况分别会引入哪些与负载均衡相关的问题,并用 200字以内的文字说明针对不同的问题,应该如何改进李工的解决方案。<span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;\"></span></p><p><br/></p>","analyze":"<p><br/></p><p><br/></p><p>试题分析</p><p>本题考查的是Web应用系统设计、维护和升级的相关内容,主要考查系统负载均衡技术。<br/>【问题1】<br/>本问题考查Web应用系统升级时的方案选择问题。在Web应用中,服务器的处理能力和IO已经成为提供应用服务的瓶颈。由于涉及的信息量非常大,用户访问频率也高,许多基于Web的大型应用系统每秒钟需要处理下百万个甚至更多的请求。显然单台服务器有限的性能难以解决这个问题。<br/>为了解决下述问题,采用高性能的主机系统(小型机或大型机)是可行的。但是,除了其价格昂贵、可扩展性差以外,这种主机系统在很多情况下也不能同时处理上百万个并发的请求。因为高速主机系统只是对于复杂单一任务和有限的并发处理显得高性能,而Internet中的Web应用绝大多数处理是简单任务、高强度并发处理。因此,即便有大量资金投入,采用高性能、高价格的主机系统,也不能满足Web应用的需要。<br/>【问题2】<br/>本问题主要考查负载均衡技术的分类和两种具体方法的掌握。负载均衡技术是集群系统中一项重要技术,可以提高集群系统的整体处理能力,也提高了系统的可靠性,最终目标是加快集群系统的响应速度,提高客户端访问的成功概率。<br/>负载均衡通常分为传输层负载均衡和应用层负载均衡两类。基于DNS的负载均衡属于传输层负载均衡技术,其主要原理是在DNS服务器中为同一个主机名配置多个地址,在应答DNS查询时,DNS服务器对每个查询将以DNS文件中主机记录的IP地址按顺序返回不同的解析结果,将客户端的访问引导到不同的节点上去,使得不同的客户端访问不同的节点,从而达到负载均衡的目的。基于HTTP重定向服务器的负载均衡属于应用层负载均衡技术,其主要原理是服务器使用HTTP重定向指令,将一个客户端重新路山到另一个位置。服务器返回一个重定向响应,而不是返回请求的对象。客户端确认新地址然后重发请求,从而达到负载均衡的目的。<br/>【问题3】<br/>主要考查负载均衡技术的实际应用。在实际应用中,通常会将传输层负载均衡方法与应用层负载均衡方法结合起来使用,以提高系统整体的性能、可用性和可靠性。<br/>题干描述中,第一种情况的描述说明系统需要提供应用会话数据支持。通常采用会话服务器(session server)机制在服务器端存放应用会话数据。但需要注意的是,应用会话数据大多数情况下是不可恢复的,因此采用支持应用会话数据容错的解决方案非常重要。<br/>第二种情况的描述要求保证特定用户的服务质量。当数据量不断增长时,由于在会话服务器或缓存服务器,业务服务器和会话(或缓存)服务器之间可能会反复移动较大量的数据,从而无法保证服务质量。因此,通常的做法是基于应用层负载均衡器实现客户端联系(client affinity)将某个客户端的所有请求转发到相同的服务器上,使得一个用户会话的所有请求被同一服务器实例处理,从而保证服务质量。</p><p>试题答案</p><p>(5)</p><p>【问题1】<br/>王工提出的方案是采用高性能的主机系统实现系统升级。从可用性角度看,采用高性能的主机系统很难实现系统的冗余机制,当发生故障后会导致整个系统会失去响应能力,从而无法保证系统的高可用性;从可伸缩性角度看,采用高性能的主机系统,升级服务器的成本与获得的相应能力不成比例,整个系统的可扩展性较差;从应用特点来看,Internet中的Web应用绝大多数是简单任务、高强度的并发处理,而主机系统只是对于复杂单一任务和有限的并发处理具有高性能,不能同时处理大量的并发请求。因此,公司没有采用王工的方案。<br/>【问题2】<br/>&nbsp;基于DNS的负载均衡属于传输层负载均衡技术,其主要原理是在DNS服务器中为同一个主机名配置多个地址,在应答DNS查询时,DNS服务器对每个查询将以DNS文件中主机记录的IP地址按顺序返回不同的解析结果,将客户端的访问引导到不同的节点上去,使得不同的客户端访问不同的节点,从而达到负载均衡的目的。<br/>基于HTTP重定向服务器的负载均衡属于应用层负载均衡技术,其主要原理是服务器使用HTTP重定向指令,将一个客户端重新路由到另一个位置。服务器返回一个重定向响应,而不是返回请求的对象。客户端确认新地址然后贡发请求,从而达到负载均衡的目的。<br/>【问题3】<br/>第一种情况的描述说明系统需要提供应用会话数据支持。通常采用会话服务器机制在服务器端存放应用会话数据。但需要注意的是,应用会话数据大多数情况下是不可恢复的,因此采用支持应用会话数据容错的解决方案非常重要。<br/>第二种情况的描述要求保证特定用户的服务质量。当数据量不断增长时,由于在会话服务器或缓存服务器,业务服务器和会话(或缓存)服务器之间可能会反复移动较大量的数据,从而无法保证服务质量。因此,通常的做法是基于应用层负载均衡器实现客户端联系,将某个客户端的所有请求转发到相同的服务器,使得一个用户会话的所有请求被同一服务器实例处理,从而保证服务质量。<span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:0.0000pt;\"></span></p><p><br/></p>","multi":0,"questionType":3,"answer":"<p>见解析</p>","chooseItem":null,"itemList":null,"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794918566649417729","title":"<br><p><br/></p><h3 style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:23.7000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:汉仪中圆简;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:汉仪中圆简\">试题一(</span>25 <span style=\"font-family:汉仪中圆简\">分)</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:汉仪中圆简;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></h3><p><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">阅读以下关于基于微服务的系统开发的叙述,在答题纸上回答问题</span>1<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">至问题</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">3</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">【说明】</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">某公司拟开发一个网络约车调度服务平台,实现基于互联网的出租车预约与管理。公司的系统分析师王工首先进行了需求分析,得到的系统需求列举如下</span>:</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">系统的参与者包括乘客、出租车司机和平台管理员三类;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">系统能够实现对乘客和出租车司机的信息注册与身份认证等功能,并对乘客的信用信息进行管理,对出租车司机的违章情况进行审核;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">系统需要与后端的银行支付系统对接,完成支付信息审核、支付信息更新与在线支付等功能;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">针对乘客发起的每一笔订单,系统需要实现订单发起、提交、跟踪、撤销、支付、</span> <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">完成等业务过程的处理</span>:</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">系统需要以短信、微信和电子邮件多种方式分别为系统中的用户进行事件提醒。</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">在系统分析与设计阶段,公司经过内部讨论,一致认为该系统的需求定义明确,建议尝试采用新的微服务架构进行开发,并任命王工为项目技术负责人,负责项目开发过程中的技术指导工作。</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【问题</span> 1<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">】</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">(12 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">分</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">)</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">请用</span> 100 <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">字以内的文字说明一个微服务中应该包含的内容,并用 </span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">300 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">字以内的文字解释基于微服务的系统与传统的单体式系统相比的 </span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">2 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">个优势和带来的 </span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">2 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">个挑战。</span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【问题</span> 2<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">】 </span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">(8 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">分</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">)</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">识别并设计微服务是系统开发过程中的一个重要步骤,请对题干需求进行分析,对微服务的种类和包含的业务功能进行归类,完成表</span>1-1 <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">中的</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">(1)~(4)</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/46c2f90d0b07b8f7e63faec63c49835a.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\"/></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【问题</span> 3<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">】(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">5 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">分)</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为了提高系统开发效率,公司的系统分析师王工设计了一个基于微服务的软件交付流程,其核心思想是将业务功能定义为任务,将完成某个业务功能时涉及到的步骤和过程定义为子任务,只有当所有的子任务都测试通过后改业务功能才能上线交付。请基于王工设计的在线支付微服务交付流程,从(</span>a<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">~</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">f</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)中分别选出合适的内容填入图 </span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">1-1 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">中的(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">1</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">~</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">5</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)处。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><img style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\"  src=\"https://image.chaiding.com/ruankao/e1a218508054ca920f392638d147c111.png?x-oss-process=style/ruankaodaren\"/></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:134.5500pt;mso-char-indent-count:13.0000;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">图</span> 1-1 </span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">在线支付微服务交付流程</span><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></strong></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">&nbsp;</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">选项:</span>(a)<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">提交测试 (</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">b</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)全量上线 (</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">c</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">) 对接借记卡</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:51.7500pt;mso-char-indent-count:5.0000;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>d<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">) 获取个人优惠券 (</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">e</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)试部署 (</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">f</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)对账</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p>","analyze":"<p><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【问题</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt; text-indent: 21pt;\"> 1</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">】</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">(12 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">分</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">)</span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">答案:</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">微服务中应该包含的内容有:资源、对资源的操作的一组</span> API <span style=\"font-family:宋体\">集合</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">。</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">微服务的优势:</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>1<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)通过分解巨大单体式应用为多个服务方法解决了复杂性问题。它把庞大的单一模块应用分解为一系列的服务,同时保持总体功能不变。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>2<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)让每个服务能够独立开发,开发者能够自由选择可行的技术,提供 </span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">API </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">服务。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>3<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)微服务架构模式是每个微服务独立的部署。开发者不再需要协调其它服务部署对本服务的影响。这种改变可以加快部署速度。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>4<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)微服务使得每个服务独立扩展。你可以根据每个服务的规模来部署满足需求的规模。甚至你可以使用更适合于服务资源需求的硬件。微服务架构带来的挑战:</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>1<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)并非所有的系统都能转成微服务。例如一些数据库层的底层操作是不推荐服务化的。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>2<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)部署较以往架构更加复杂:系统由众多微服务搭建,每个微服务需要单独部署,从而增加部署的复杂度,容器技术能够解决这一问题。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>3<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)性能问题:由于微服务注重独立性,互相通信时只能通过标准接口,可能产生延迟或调用出错。例如一个服务需要访问另一个服务的数据,只能通过服务间接口来进行数据传输,如果是频繁访问,则可能带来较大的延迟。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>4<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)数据一致性问题:作为分布式部署的微服务,在保持数据一致性方面需要比传统架构更加困难。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【问题</span> 2<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">】 </span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">(8 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">分</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">)</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\"></span></span><span style=\"text-indent: 21pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; background: #D9D9D9;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">答案</span></span><span style=\"text-indent: 21pt; font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;\">:</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\"><br/></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>1<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)乘客信息注册、乘客身份认证、乘客信用信息管理</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>2<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)出租车司机信息注册、出租车司机身份认证、司机违章情况审核</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>3<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)支付管理</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>4<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)订单发起、订单提交、订单跟踪、订单撤销</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【问题</span> 3<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">】(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">5 </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">分)</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;background:#D9D9D9;mso-shading:#D9D9D9;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">答案</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">:</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span>1<span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">f </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">2</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">c </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">3</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">d </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">4</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">e </span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">(</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">5</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">)</span><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman\">b</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p>","multi":0,"questionType":3,"answer":"<p>见解析</p>","chooseItem":null,"itemList":null,"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933148700921857","title":"<br><p><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">【论文三】</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">请以</span>“数据库集群技术及应用”为题,分别从以下三个方面进行论述。</span></strong><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\">&nbsp;</span><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">1.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">概要叙迷你参与实施白勺落欠件项目以及你在其中所担任的主要工作。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"text-indent: 21pt; font-size: 10.5pt;\">2.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">请说明你所参与的软件项目对数据管理的契示需求,结合数据库集群技术的特点,论述你是如何应用数据库集群技术或设计数据库集群系统的。</span></span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"></span><span style=\"font-size: 10.5pt; text-indent: 21pt;\">3. &nbsp;简要说明数据库集群产品的应用效果及存在的问题。</span><span style=\"font-family:宋体\"><br/></span></span></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p>","analyze":"<p><br/></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">1.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">概要叙迷你参与实施白勺落欠件项目以及你在其中所担任的主要工作。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">根据要求能够概要叙述你参与项目的背景,可以包括项目的名称、起始时间、甲方业务场景介绍、建设内容、数据分析需求、采用的数据库集群技术等内容,介绍你在本项目中的角色,工作职责,主要承担的工作等内容。此部分内容可以分为一段,或者二段均可,字数在</span>300-400为宜。</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">2.&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">请说明你所参与的软件项目对数据管理的契示需求,结合数据库集群技术的特点,论述你是如何应用数据库集群技术或设计数据库集群系统的。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">数据库集群系统是利用多台数据库服务器,构成一个虚拟单一的数据库逻辑映像,如同单数据库一样,向客户端提供透明的数据服务。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">为保证虚拟单一的数据库逻辑映像,数据库集群系统有多种实现方式:单份数据集,两份或多份相似但非实时同步的数据集,两份或多份实时一致的数据集等。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">数据库集群的特点包括:数据库集群系统往往是同构系统,集群中各个节点具有相同的操作系统和数据库系统版本;数据库集群往往建立在高速局域网内,一般通过多台服务器提供数据冗余,为客户端提高数据的高可用性和高可靠性;通过多种负载均衡技术为客户端提供高性能。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">按照数据库集群的架构可分为共享磁盘型和非共孪磁盘型数据库集群。共享磁盘型的数据库集群只有一个单一的数据集,不存在节点之间的数据同步问题。非共享磁盘型数据库集群系统包含多个物理机器,为保持统一的逻辑数据视图,数据同步是一个核心问题。数据库集群系统中常见的数据同步机制包括:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">串行数据复制分为串行异步复制和串行同步复制</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">串行异步复制:主要采用数据库事务日志传送或者硬盘数据块传送技术来实现。主数据库完成事务处理后,生成事务日志或将数据写入数据块中,通过</span>FIFO队列的形式,将数据传送到备份数据库,得到一致数据。存在的主要问题是:异步会存在时间差,带来主、备数据库的数据的不一致,也可能会丢失数据;同时存在一定的额外开销。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">串行同步复制:此类集群往往是由昂贵的专用软硬件构成,采用专用的高速网络和软件技术,将每个数据库的请求,通过同步复制的方式,同步在主备两台数据库服务器执行正确后,才将结果返回给数据库客户。其主要特点是主备服务器同时处理,性能低,而且专用系统造价昂贵。</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">基于共享存储技术:典型的产品是数据库的双机容错技术,也包括</span>Oracle的RAC 产品。该系统的架构是多个机器共享一个磁盘阵列,服务器通过虚拟IP提供服务,形成单一的逻辑数据库。一旦某个机器异常,则通过心跳检测或其他信息交换协议,完成主备机器的切换。主要特点是单一数据存储,存在数据同步问题,但是单一数据往往成为整个系统的单点错误源;而且只能通过数据库中常用的备份或复制方法获取第二份数据,以保证数据安全,因此,所有复制或备份方法的缺点,此类系统全部存在。另外,主备机器的切换也需要时间开销。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">基于实时数据同步技术:此类集群的基本特征是节点有自己独立的存储设备,数据采用非共享存储。因此该集群一般均提供负载均衡技术,采用的负载均衡技术有基于连接的负载均衡和基于请求的负载均衡两种。在实现节点之间的数据同步上,或者通过专门的卨速数据同步技术,或者通过分布式数据库中的两阶段提交协议来实现。此类集群系统的核心特点是:</span>1)实时冗余一致的数据存储,理论上实现了数据的零丢失,可以做到很高的可用性;2)由于需要额外的数据同步操作,因此性能会受到一定的影响,如采用两阶段提交来实现同步,则慢一些;同时,额外的数据同步也限制了集群中的节点数目。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">问前基于共享存储和基于实时数据同步技术(即非共享存储)是数据库集群中的主流技术,串行数据</span>M制也可以算作是非共享存储中的一种,但由于性能较差,缺陷明显,在市场上采用的较少。在实际选择数据库集群产品时,需要考虑的问题包括:数据的并发/性能需求、数据容量、数据可靠性、数据可用性、实现成本等问题。</span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\">3.简要说明数据库集群产品的应用效果及存在的问题。</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解析:</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-right:0.0000pt;margin-left:0.0000pt;mso-para-margin-right:0.0000gd;mso-para-margin-left:0.0000gd;text-indent:21.0000pt;mso-char-indent-count:0.0000;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;mso-pagination:none;line-height:150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">该部分应能够以该项目的具体示例为佐证,描述</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">采取数据库集群技术后,在数据访问能力,执行效率,页面响应等多方面的效率,通过对比,体现数据集群技术的优势,对企业的帮助,同时,在应用中,必然会有一些问题,采用</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">发现问题</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">,分析问题,排除障碍,</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">解决问</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">题</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">的思路</span></span><span style=\"font-family: 宋体; line-height: 150%; font-size: 10.5pt;\"><span style=\"font-family:宋体\">、方法和工具,建立起适合企业的、稳定的数据库集群。</span></span><span style=\"mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;line-height:150%;letter-spacing:-0.1000pt;font-size:10.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;\"></span></p>","multi":0,"questionType":3,"answer":"<p>见解析</p>","chooseItem":null,"itemList":null,"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794918069490176001","title":"<br><p>【说明】 某公司拟开发一个自由,可定制性强、用户界面友好的在线调查系统,以获取员工 在课程学习、对公司重人事件的看法、对办公室环境的建议等相关反馈。因需要调查的内容 各异,可选择的调查方式多样,故本在线调查系统应满足以下需求:</p><p>1)支持编辑和视图两种模式,编辑模式只对调查发起者可见,视图模式对接受调查者 可见:</p><p>2)调查向卷具有可定制性,因调查的内容各异,需要多样的信息采集方式,可设置的 调查问题类型包括单选、多选、矩阵类单选、矩阵类多选和开放性问题。</p><p>3)操作简单,调查者可以方便地新建和编辑各种问题类型,接受调查者可对每个问题 和每个调查问卷给出评论。</p><p>4)系统支持显示调查统计结果,以及导出统计结果。 针对以上需求,经项目经讨论,拟采用 REST 架构风格设计实现该在线调查系统。</p><p>【问题 3】 (5 分)</p><p>基于 REST 架构风格对系统进行设计,请简要叙述 REST 风格的 5 条关键原则。</p>","analyze":"<p>无</p>","multi":0,"questionType":3,"answer":"<p>(1)为所有&quot;事物&quot;定义ID;</p><p>(2)将所有事物链接在一起;</p><p>(3)使用标准方法;</p><p>(4)资源多重表述;</p><p>(5)无状态通信。</p>","chooseItem":null,"itemList":null,"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null}]}}