{"msg":"第四节 专业英语","code":200,"data":{"currentIndex":null,"examId":null,"examTime":null,"questionList":[{"id":"794933831273566209","title":"An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a （ ）of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of（ ） and connector types, and a set of（ ）on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more （请作答此空） that specify how to determine a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of （ ）architectures are programs written in the Unix shell．","analyze":"略","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933833127448577"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933833127448577","questionId":"794933831273566209","content":"semantic models","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933833148420097","questionId":"794933831273566209","content":"weak entities","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933833165197313","questionId":"794933831273566209","content":"data schemas","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933833186168833","questionId":"794933831273566209","content":"business models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933828471771137","title":"An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a （ ）of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of（ ） and connector types, and a set of（请作答此空）on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more （ ） that specify how to determine a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of （ ）architectures are programs written in the Unix shell．","analyze":"略","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933830359207937"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933830317264897","questionId":"794933828471771137","content":"functions","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933830334042113","questionId":"794933828471771137","content":"code segments","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933830346625025","questionId":"794933828471771137","content":"interfaces","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933830359207937","questionId":"794933828471771137","content":"constraints","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933819948945409","title":"<p>Designing the data storage architecture is an important activity in system design. There are two main types of data storage formats： files and databases. Files are electronic of data that have been optimized to perform a particular transaction. There are several types of files that differ in the way they are used to support an application. （ ） store core information that is important to the business and , more specifically , to the application , such as order information or customer mailing information. （ ） contain static values , such as a list of valid codes or the names of cities . Typically, the list is used for validation. A database is a collection of groupings of information that are related to each other in some way. There are many different types of databases that exist on the market today. （ ） is given to those databases which are based on older , sometimes outdated technology that is seldom used to develop new applications . （ ） are collections of records that are related to each other through pointers In relational database , （请作答此空） can be used in ensuring that values linking the tables together through the primary and foreign keys are valid and correctly synchronized.</p>","analyze":"<p>翻译：</p><p>在系统设计中，数据存储架构设计是非常重要的一项工作。有两种主要类型的数据存储格式，即文件和数据库，文件是经过优化以执行特定事务的电子数据。（ ）存储的核心信息对业务很重要，更具体地说，对应用程序而言，如订单信息或客户邮件信息。（ ）包含静态值，如有效代码列表或城市名称，通常该列表用于验证。数据库是以某种方式彼此相关的信息分组的集合，目前市场上存在许多不同类型的数据库。（ ）用于那些基于较旧且过时技术的数据库，这些技术很少用于开发新的应用程序。（ ）是通过指针彼此相关的记录集合在关系数据库中，（ 请作答此空）可用于确保通过主键和外键将表链接在一起的值是有效且正确同步的。</p><p>A．识别关系\tB．正常化\tC．参照完整性\tD．商店程序</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933821895102465"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933821827993601","questionId":"794933819948945409","content":"identifying relationships","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933821861548033","questionId":"794933819948945409","content":"normalization","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933821895102465","questionId":"794933819948945409","content":"referential integrity","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933821924462593","questionId":"794933819948945409","content":"store procedure","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933834113110017","title":"An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a （ ）of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of（ ） and connector types, and a set of（ ）on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more （ ） that specify how to determine a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of （请作答此空）architectures are programs written in the Unix shell．","analyze":"略","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933836008935425"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933835971186689","questionId":"794933834113110017","content":"event-based","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933835992158209","questionId":"794933834113110017","content":"object-oriented","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933836008935425","questionId":"794933834113110017","content":"pipe-and-filter","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933836021518337","questionId":"794933834113110017","content":"layered","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933817117790209","title":"<p>Designing the data storage architecture is an important activity in system design. There are two main types of data storage formats： files and databases. Files are electronic of data that have been optimized to perform a particular transaction. There are several types of files that differ in the way they are used to support an application. （ ） store core information that is important to the business and , more specifically , to the application , such as order information or customer mailing information. （ ） contain static values , such as a list of valid codes or the names of cities . Typically, the list is used for validation. A database is a collection of groupings of information that are related to each other in some way. There are many different types of databases that exist on the market today. （ ） is given to those databases which are based on older , sometimes outdated technology that is seldom used to develop new applications . （请作答此空） are collections of records that are related to each other through pointers In relational database , （ ） can be used in ensuring that values linking the tables together through the primary and foreign keys are valid and correctly synchronized.</p>","analyze":"<p>翻译：</p><p>在系统设计中，数据存储架构设计是非常重要的一项工作。有两种主要类型的数据存储格式，即文件和数据库，文件是经过优化以执行特定事务的电子数据。（ ）存储的核心信息对业务很重要，更具体地说，对应用程序而言，如订单信息或客户邮件信息。（ ）包含静态值，如有效代码列表或城市名称，通常该列表用于验证。数据库是以某种方式彼此相关的信息分组的集合，目前市场上存在许多不同类型的数据库。（ ）用于那些基于较旧且过时技术的数据库，这些技术很少用于开发新的应用程序。（请作答此空）是通过指针彼此相关的记录集合在关系数据库中，（ ）可用于确保通过主键和外键将表链接在一起的值是有效且正确同步的。</p><p>A．分层数据库\tB．工作组数据库\tC．链接表数据库\tD．网络数据库 </p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933818975866881"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933818975866881","questionId":"794933817117790209","content":"Hierarchical database","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933818996838401","questionId":"794933817117790209","content":"Workgroup database","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933819017809921","questionId":"794933817117790209","content":"Linked table database","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933819034587137","questionId":"794933817117790209","content":"Network database","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933822838820865","title":"<p>An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a （请作答此空）of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of（ ） and connector types, and a set of（ ）on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more （ ） that specify how to determine a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of （ ）architectures are programs written in the Unix shell．</p>","analyze":"<p>略</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933824684314625"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933824684314625","questionId":"794933822838820865","content":"pattern","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933824701091841","questionId":"794933822838820865","content":"data flow","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933824722063361","questionId":"794933822838820865","content":"business process","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933824738840577","questionId":"794933822838820865","content":"position level","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933825644810241","title":"<p>An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a （ ）of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of（请作答此空） and connector types, and a set of（ ）on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more （ ） that specify how to determine a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of （ ）architectures are programs written in the Unix shell．</p>","analyze":"<p>略</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933827523858433"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933827507081217","questionId":"794933825644810241","content":"metadata","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933827523858433","questionId":"794933825644810241","content":"components","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933827540635649","questionId":"794933825644810241","content":"models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933827557412865","questionId":"794933825644810241","content":"entities","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933865658470401","title":"某公司所生产的U盘使用了其品牌产品“移动硬盘”的注册商标，那么，该公司（62） 的商标专用权。","analyze":"<p>我国《商标法》第2章第12条规定：“同一申请人在不同类别的商品上使用同一商标的，应当按商品分类表提出注册申请”。第13条规定：“注册商标需要在同一类的其他商品上使用的，应当另行提出注册申请”。</p><p>对于本案例，该公司品牌产品“移动硬盘”的注册商标经商标局核准注册后，该公司便享有其商标专用权，受法律保护。而该公司在其生产的U盘上使用“移动硬盘”的注册商标，未另行提出商品注册申请，未经商标局核准注册，因此该公司不享有其U盘产品的商标专用权。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933867537518593"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933867512352769","questionId":"794933865658470401","content":"享有了其U盘","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933867537518593","questionId":"794933865658470401","content":"不享有其U盘","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933867554295809","questionId":"794933865658470401","content":"享有移动硬盘和U盘","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933867575267329","questionId":"794933865658470401","content":"不享有移动硬盘和U盘","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933971682086913","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>During the analysis phase, analysts create （71） to represent how the business system will operate. At the same time, analysts need to understand the （72） that is used and created by the business system (e.g., customer, order). A(An) （73） is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system; it illustrates people, places, or things about which information is captured and how they are related to each other. The data model is drawn by a(an) （74请作答此空） process in which the model becomes more detailed and less conceptual over time. During analysis, analysts draw a （75） data model, which shows the organization of data without indicating how data are stored, created, or manipulated. Because this model is free of any implementation or technical details, the analysts can focus more easily on matching the diagram to the real business requirements of the system.</p>","analyze":"在分析阶段，分析师创建过程模型来表示业务系统将如何运行。同时，分析师需要了解业务系统使用和创建的信息（例如，客户、订单）。数据模型是表示业务系统使用和创建的数据的一种正式方式；它说明了获取信息的人、地点或事物，以及它们之间的关系。它是通过一个迭代过程绘制的，在这个过程中，模型随着时间的推移变得更详细，概念性更强。在分析过程中，分析师绘制一个逻辑数据模型，该模型显示数据的组织，而不显示数据是如何存储、创建或操作的。因为该模型没有任何实现或技术细节，所以分析人员可以更容易地将重点放在将图表与系统的实际业务需求相匹配上。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933973628243969"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933973569523713","questionId":"794933971682086913","content":"data models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933973590495233","questionId":"794933971682086913","content":"performance models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933973607272449","questionId":"794933971682086913","content":"physical models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933973628243969","questionId":"794933971682086913","content":"process models","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933940396773377","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p>For many years, traditional requirements elicitation techniques involved asking the users what they wanted the system to do. The systems analysts would sit down with users and try to express what the system should do by drawing （71） . This was difficult for the users for several reasons. First, the users may not know what is and is not possible for the system to do. Users are not likely to truly understand the （72） of information systems technologies, especially new advances in technology. Second, users may have difficulty envisioning new ways to （73） . Most of us find creating new ways of doing things to be a challenge because we are so accustomed to things being done the “old way”. Third, it is common for users to describe things they think they want from the new system, but our focus should be on the （74） for the new system. Finally, users often found it difficult to comprehend the process and data modeling （75） used by the analysts.","analyze":"<p>多年来，传统的需求获取技术涉及询问用户他们希望系统做什么。系统分析师会与用户坐下来，试图通过绘制过程模型和数据模型来表达系统应该做什么。由于几个原因，这对用户来说很困难。首先，用户可能不知道系统可以做什么，也不可能做什么。用户不太可能真正了解信息系统技术的能力和局限性，尤其是技术的新进展。第二，用户可能难以设想重新设计业务流程的新方法。我们中的大多数人发现，创造新的做事方式是一项挑战，因为我们已经习惯了用“旧方式”做事。第三，用户通常会描述他们认为自己想要从新系统中得到的东西，但我们的重点应该放在新系统的真正需求上。最后，用户经常发现很难理解分析人员使用的过程和数据建模图形符号。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933942317764609"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933942292598785","questionId":"794933940396773377","content":"architecture models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933942317764609","questionId":"794933940396773377","content":"process models and data models","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933942338736129","questionId":"794933940396773377","content":"design models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933942363901953","questionId":"794933940396773377","content":"mathematical models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933897161887745","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of （71） onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the （72） onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1)（73） embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)（74） embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3)（75）embody decisions as to how the system will relate to nonsoftware structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).</p>","analyze":"<p>系统架构是一个系统的一种表示，包含了功能到软硬件构件的映射、软件架构到硬件架构的映射以及对于这些组件人机交互的关注。也就是说，系统架构关注于整个系统，包括硬件、软件和使用者。软件架构结构根据其所展示元素的广义性质，可以被分为三个主要类别。①模块结构将决策体现为一组需要被构建或采购的代码或数据单元。②构件连接器结构将决策体现为系统如何被结构化为一组具有运行时行为和交互的元素。③分配结构将决策体现为系统如何在其环境中关联到非软件结构，如CPU、文件系统、网络、开发团队等。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933899133210625"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933899099656193","questionId":"794933897161887745","content":"attributes","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933899116433409","questionId":"794933897161887745","content":"constraint","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933899133210625","questionId":"794933897161887745","content":"functionality","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933899149987841","questionId":"794933897161887745","content":"requirements","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933851196510209","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>You are developing a server-side enterprise application. It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers, mobile browsers and native mobile applications. The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to consume. It might also(71)with other applications via either web services or a message broker. The application handles requests (HTTP requests and messages) by executing business logic; accessing a database; exchanging messages with other systems; and returning a HTML/JSON/XML(72).There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application.</p><p>What’s the application’s deployment architecture?</p><p>Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of (73) ，collaborating services. This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is:</p><p> ·Highly maintainable and testable —— enables rapid and frequent development and deployment .</p><p> ·Loosely coupled with other services —— enables a team to work independently the majority of time on their service(s) without being impacted by changes to other services and without affecting other services.</p><p> ·(74)deployable —— enables a team to deploy their service without having to coordinate with other teams.</p><p> ·Capable of being developed by a small team —— essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams.</p><p>Services (75) using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or asynchronous protocols such as AMQP. Services can be developed and deployed independently of one another. Each service has its own database in order to be decoupled from other services. Data consistency between services is maintained using some particular pattern.</p>","analyze":"<p>你正在开发一个全方位的企业应用程序，它支持不同的客户端，如桌面浏览器、移动浏览器以及本地移动应用程序。该程序还可以向客户公开第三方接口。它还可以通过Web services或消息代理跟其他应用程序合作。应用程序通过执行业务逻辑，连接数据库，与其他系统交互信息等操作来响应（HTTP以及消息）请求，并返回HTML/JSON /XML响应。它也会有一些逻辑组件对应程序的不同功能区。</p><p>这个应用程序的部署架构是什么样的？</p><p>将应用程序的架构定义为一组在ScaleCube的y轴上松散的互相协作的服务集合。每种服务都是：</p><p>◆高可维护性与可测试性——使得快速频繁地开发部署成为可能。</p><p>◆与其他服务松耦合——使开发团队能够独立工作（大部分时间都在服务器上），而不会被其他服务的更改所影响，也不会影响其他服务。</p><p>◆独立部署——允许团队部署他们的服务，不用跟其他团队合作。</p><p>◆能够被小型的核心团队开发，避免与大团队对高度交流。</p><p>服务使用HTTP /REST或AMQP通信协议。服务可以彼此独立开发和部署。为了跟其他服务解耦，每种服务都有自己的数据库。服务之间使用特定的模式来维护数据的一致性。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933853205581825"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933853109112833","questionId":"794933851196510209","content":"integrate（71题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933853159444481","questionId":"794933851196510209","content":"coordinate（71题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933853205581825","questionId":"794933851196510209","content":"cooperate（71题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933853243330561","questionId":"794933851196510209","content":"communicate（71题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933868493819905","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>Regardless of how well designed, constructed, and tested a system or application may be, errors or bugs will inevitably occur. Once a system has been （71）, it enters operations and support.</p><p>Systems support is the ongoing technical support for user, as well as the maintenance required to fix any errors, omissions,or new requirements that may arise. Before an information system can be （72）, it must be in operation. System operation is the day-to-day, week-to-week, month-to-month, and year-t-year（73）of an information system's business processes and application programs.</p><p>Unlike systems analysis, design, and implementation, systems support cannot sensibly be（74） into actual phases that a support project must perform. Rather, systems support consists of four ongoing activities that are program maintenance, system recovery, technical support, and system enhancement. Each activity is a type of support project that is（75） by a particular problem, event, or opportunity encountered with the implemented system.</p>","analyze":"<p>一个系统或者应用不论设计建造的多好，以及经过多么严格的测试，都不可避免会产生一些错误。一旦一个系统被（71），它就进入了运营和支持阶段。</p><p>系统的支持与维护工作给用户提供持续不断的技术支持，修复错误和提供新的需求。在一个信息系统被（72）之前，它就已经处于运营阶段。系统运营就是信息系统的业务流程和应用在日复一日、周复一周、月复一月、年复一年的（73）。与系统分析、设计、实施不同，系统支持不能被（74）为实际要执行的阶段,。相反，系统支持由四个阶段组成，程序维护、系统恢复、技术支持、系统增强。每一项活动都会执行中的系统遇到的特定的问题，事件和机会所（75）。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933870381256705"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933870360285185","questionId":"794933868493819905","content":"designed（71题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933870381256705","questionId":"794933868493819905","content":"implemented（71题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933870393839617","questionId":"794933868493819905","content":"investigated（71题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933870410616833","questionId":"794933868493819905","content":"analyzed（71题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933925855121409","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.</p>","analyze":"<p>应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933927725780993"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933927725780993","questionId":"794933925855121409","content":"logical DFDs and ERD","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933927746752513","questionId":"794933925855121409","content":"ideal object model and analysis class model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933927776112641","questionId":"794933925855121409","content":"use case models and interface prototypes","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933927805472769","questionId":"794933925855121409","content":"physical DFDs and database schema","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933836952653825","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>Many of the activities performed during the preliminary investigation are still being conducted in（1 ）, but in much greater depth than before. During this phase, the analyst must become fully aware of the（2 ） and must develop enough knowledge about the（3 ） and the existing systems to enable an effective solution to be proposed and implemented. Besides the（4 ） for process and data of current system, the deliverable from this phase also includes the（5 ） for the proposed system.</p>","analyze":"<p>略</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933838819119105"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933838819119105","questionId":"794933836952653825","content":"analysis phase","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933838831702017","questionId":"794933836952653825","content":"design phase","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933838848479233","questionId":"794933836952653825","content":"implementation phase","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933838865256449","questionId":"794933836952653825","content":"maintenance phase","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933957379510273","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.","analyze":"应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933959258558465"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933959258558465","questionId":"794933957379510273","content":"logical DFDs and ERD","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933959287918593","questionId":"794933957379510273","content":"ideal object model and analysis class model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933959321473025","questionId":"794933957379510273","content":"use case models and interface prototypes","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933959346638849","questionId":"794933957379510273","content":"physical DFDs and database schema","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933911581904897","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p>System analysis is traditionally done top-down using structured analysis based on （ ） . Object-oriented analysis focuses on creation of models. The three types of theanalysis model are（ ）. There are two substages of object-oriented analysis.（ ）focuses on real-world things whose semantics the application captures. The object constructedin the requirement analysis shows the（ ） of the real-world system and organizes it intoworkable pieces.（ ）addresses the computer aspects of the application that are visible tousers. The objects are those which can be expected to vary from time to time quite rapidly.","analyze":"传统的系统分析以功能分解为基础，利用结构化分析自顶向下完成。面向对象分析关注于模型的创建。该分析模型有三种类型：类模型、交互模型和状态模型。面向对象分析有两个子阶段。领域分析侧重于现实世界中那些语义被应用程序获取的事物。在需求分析中所构造的对象说明了现实世界系统的静态结构并将其组织为可用的片段。应用分析处理应用系统中用户可见的计算机问题。所分析的对象可能会被预计时不时地发生较快的变化。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933913465147393"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933913465147393","questionId":"794933911581904897","content":"functional decomposition","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933913481924609","questionId":"794933911581904897","content":"object abstraction","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933913502896129","questionId":"794933911581904897","content":"data inheritance","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933913515479041","questionId":"794933911581904897","content":"information generalization","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933882892865537","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">1</span>空。</strong></p><p>（71） analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system models become the （ 72 ）for designing and constructing an improved system.（ 73 ）is such a technique. The emphasis in this technique is process-centered. Systems analysts draw a series of process models called （ 74 ）. （ 75 请作答此空 ）is another such technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects.</p>","analyze":"模型驱动的分析方法强调通过绘制图形化的系统模型来说明和验证已有的或待开发的系统。这些系统模型最终会成为设计和构建改进后的系统的蓝图。结构化分析就是这样一种方法，它是以过程为中心的。在结构化分析方法中，系统分析员所绘制的一系列过程模型被称为DFD。面向对象分析是另外一种模型驱动的分析方法，它将数据和过程统一到了一个被称为“对象”的结构中。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933884788690945"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933884755136513","questionId":"794933882892865537","content":"Prototyping","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933884776108033","questionId":"794933882892865537","content":"Accelerated","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933884788690945","questionId":"794933882892865537","content":"Model-driven","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933884805468161","questionId":"794933882892865537","content":"Iterative","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933960273580033","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.","analyze":"应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933962173599745"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933962152628225","questionId":"794933960273580033","content":"the database management system","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933962173599745","questionId":"794933960273580033","content":"the feasibility of techniques used","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933962194571265","questionId":"794933960273580033","content":"the network topology and technology","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933962219737089","questionId":"794933960273580033","content":"the user interface and process methods","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933854157688833","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>You are developing a server-side enterprise application. It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers, mobile browsers and native mobile applications. The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to consume. It might also(71)with other applications via either web services or a message broker. The application handles requests (HTTP requests and messages) by executing business logic; accessing a database; exchanging messages with other systems; and returning a HTML/JSON/XML(72).There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application.</p><p>What’s the application’s deployment architecture?</p><p>Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of (73) ，collaborating services. This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is:</p><p> ·Highly maintainable and testable —— enables rapid and frequent development and deployment .</p><p> ·Loosely coupled with other services —— enables a team to work independently the majority of time on their service(s) without being impacted by changes to other services and without affecting other services.</p><p> ·(74)deployable —— enables a team to deploy their service without having to coordinate with other teams.</p><p> ·Capable of being developed by a small team —— essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams.</p><p>Services (75) using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or asynchronous protocols such as AMQP. Services can be developed and deployed independently of one another. Each service has its own database in order to be decoupled from other services. Data consistency between services is maintained using some particular pattern.</p>","analyze":"<p>你正在开发一个全方位的企业应用程序，它支持不同的客户端，如桌面浏览器、移动浏览器以及本地移动应用程序。该程序还可以向客户公开第三方接口。它还可以通过Web services或消息代理跟其他应用程序合作。应用程序通过执行业务逻辑，连接数据库，与其他系统交互信息等操作来响应（HTTP以及消息）请求，并返回HTML/JSON /XML响应。它也会有一些逻辑组件对应程序的不同功能区。</p><p>这个应用程序的部署架构是什么样的？</p><p>将应用程序的架构定义为一组在ScaleCube的y轴上松散的互相协作的服务集合。每种服务都是：</p><p>◆高可维护性与可测试性——使得快速频繁地开发部署成为可能。</p><p>◆与其他服务松耦合——使开发团队能够独立工作（大部分时间都在服务器上），而不会被其他服务的更改所影响，也不会影响其他服务。</p><p>◆独立部署——允许团队部署他们的服务，不用跟其他团队合作。</p><p>◆能够被小型的核心团队开发，避免与大团队对高度交流。</p><p>服务使用HTTP /REST或AMQP通信协议。服务可以彼此独立开发和部署。为了跟其他服务解耦，每种服务都有自己的数据库。服务之间使用特定的模式来维护数据的一致性。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933856061902849"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933856028348417","questionId":"794933854157688833","content":"request（72题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933856061902849","questionId":"794933854157688833","content":"response（72题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933856087068673","questionId":"794933854157688833","content":"text（72题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933856112234497","questionId":"794933854157688833","content":"File（72题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933928786939905","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.</p>","analyze":"<p>应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933930749874177"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933930733096961","questionId":"794933928786939905","content":"the database management system","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933930749874177","questionId":"794933928786939905","content":"the feasibility of techniques used","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933930775040001","questionId":"794933928786939905","content":"the network topology and technology","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933930800205825","questionId":"794933928786939905","content":"the user interface and process methods","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933885707243521","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>（71） analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system models become the （ 72 ）for designing and constructing an improved system.（ 73 ）is such a technique. The emphasis in this technique is process-centered. Systems analysts draw a series of process models called （ 74 ）. （ 75 请作答此空 ）is another such technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects.</p>","analyze":"模型驱动的分析方法强调通过绘制图形化的系统模型来说明和验证已有的或待开发的系统。这些系统模型最终会成为设计和构建改进后的系统的蓝图。结构化分析就是这样一种方法，它是以过程为中心的。在结构化分析方法中，系统分析员所绘制的一系列过程模型被称为DFD。面向对象分析是另外一种模型驱动的分析方法，它将数据和过程统一到了一个被称为“对象”的结构中。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933887682760705"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933887582097409","questionId":"794933885707243521","content":"image","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933887619846145","questionId":"794933885707243521","content":"picture","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933887653400577","questionId":"794933885707243521","content":"layout","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933887682760705","questionId":"794933885707243521","content":"blueprint","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933871329169409","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>Regardless of how well designed, constructed, and tested a system or application may be, errors or bugs will inevitably occur. Once a system has been （71）, it enters operations and support.</p><p>Systems support is the ongoing technical support for user, as well as the maintenance required to fix any errors, omissions,or new requirements that may arise. Before an information system can be （72）, it must be in operation. System operation is the day-to-day, week-to-week, month-to-month, and year-t-year（73）of an information system's business processes and application programs.</p><p>Unlike systems analysis, design, and implementation, systems support cannot sensibly be（74） into actual phases that a support project must perform. Rather, systems support consists of four ongoing activities that are program maintenance, system recovery, technical support, and system enhancement. Each activity is a type of support project that is（75） by a particular problem, event, or opportunity encountered with the implemented system.</p>","analyze":"<p>一个系统或者应用不论设计建造的多好，以及经过多么严格的测试，都不可避免会产生一些错误。一旦一个系统被（71），它就进入了运营和支持阶段。</p><p>系统的支持与维护工作给用户提供持续不断的技术支持，修复错误和提供新的需求。在一个信息系统被（72）之前，它就已经处于运营阶段。系统运营就是信息系统的业务流程和应用在日复一日、周复一周、月复一月、年复一年的（73）。与系统分析、设计、实施不同，系统支持不能被（74）为实际要执行的阶段,。相反，系统支持由四个阶段组成，程序维护、系统恢复、技术支持、系统增强。每一项活动都会执行中的系统遇到的特定的问题，事件和机会所（75）。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933873199828993"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933873199828993","questionId":"794933871329169409","content":"supported（72题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933873224994817","questionId":"794933871329169409","content":"tested（72题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933873250160641","questionId":"794933871329169409","content":"implemented（72题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933873275326465","questionId":"794933871329169409","content":"constructed（72题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933974542602241","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>During the analysis phase, analysts create （71） to represent how the business system will operate. At the same time, analysts need to understand the （72） that is used and created by the business system (e.g., customer, order). A(An) （73） is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system; it illustrates people, places, or things about which information is captured and how they are related to each other. The data model is drawn by a(an) （74请作答此空） process in which the model becomes more detailed and less conceptual over time. During analysis, analysts draw a （75） data model, which shows the organization of data without indicating how data are stored, created, or manipulated. Because this model is free of any implementation or technical details, the analysts can focus more easily on matching the diagram to the real business requirements of the system.</p>","analyze":"在分析阶段，分析师创建过程模型来表示业务系统将如何运行。同时，分析师需要了解业务系统使用和创建的信息（例如，客户、订单）。数据模型是表示业务系统使用和创建的数据的一种正式方式；它说明了获取信息的人、地点或事物，以及它们之间的关系。它是通过一个迭代过程绘制的，在这个过程中，模型随着时间的推移变得更详细，概念性更强。在分析过程中，分析师绘制一个逻辑数据模型，该模型显示数据的组织，而不显示数据是如何存储、创建或操作的。因为该模型没有任何实现或技术细节，所以分析人员可以更容易地将重点放在将图表与系统的实际业务需求相匹配上。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933976430039041"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933976430039041","questionId":"794933974542602241","content":"information","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933976446816257","questionId":"794933974542602241","content":"knowledge","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933976463593473","questionId":"794933974542602241","content":"product","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933976484564993","questionId":"794933974542602241","content":"entity","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933914429837313","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p>System analysis is traditionally done top-down using structured analysis based on （ ） . Object-oriented analysis focuses on creation of models. The three types of theanalysis model are（ ）. There are two substages of object-oriented analysis.（ ）focuses on real-world things whose semantics the application captures. The object constructedin the requirement analysis shows the（ ） of the real-world system and organizes it intoworkable pieces.（ ）addresses the computer aspects of the application that are visible tousers. The objects are those which can be expected to vary from time to time quite rapidly.","analyze":"传统的系统分析以功能分解为基础，利用结构化分析自顶向下完成。面向对象分析关注于模型的创建。该分析模型有三种类型：类模型、交互模型和状态模型。面向对象分析有两个子阶段。领域分析侧重于现实世界中那些语义被应用程序获取的事物。在需求分析中所构造的对象说明了现实世界系统的静态结构并将其组织为可用的片段。应用分析处理应用系统中用户可见的计算机问题。所分析的对象可能会被预计时不时地发生较快的变化。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933916313079809"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933916292108289","questionId":"794933914429837313","content":"function model，class model and state model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933916313079809","questionId":"794933914429837313","content":"class model，interaction model and state model","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933916334051329","questionId":"794933914429837313","content":"class model，interaction model and sequence model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933916355022849","questionId":"794933914429837313","content":"function model，interaction model and state model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933839775420417","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>Many of the activities performed during the preliminary investigation are still being conducted in（1 ）, but in much greater depth than before. During this phase, the analyst must become fully aware of the（2 ） and must develop enough knowledge about the（3 ） and the existing systems to enable an effective solution to be proposed and implemented. Besides the（4 ） for process and data of current system, the deliverable from this phase also includes the（5 ） for the proposed system.</p>","analyze":"略","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933841667051521"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933841646080001","questionId":"794933839775420417","content":"main symptom","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933841667051521","questionId":"794933839775420417","content":"root problem","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933841688023041","questionId":"794933839775420417","content":"final blueprint","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933841717383169","questionId":"794933839775420417","content":"data specification","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933900072734721","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p><p>A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of （71） onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the （72） onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1)（73） embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)（74） embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3)（75）embody decisions as to how the system will relate to nonsoftware structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).</p>","analyze":"<p>系统架构是一个系统的一种表示，包含了功能到软硬件构件的映射、软件架构到硬件架构的映射以及对于这些组件人机交互的关注。也就是说，系统架构关注于整个系统，包括硬件、软件和使用者。软件架构结构根据其所展示元素的广义性质，可以被分为三个主要类别。①模块结构将决策体现为一组需要被构建或采购的代码或数据单元。②构件连接器结构将决策体现为系统如何被结构化为一组具有运行时行为和交互的元素。③分配结构将决策体现为系统如何在其环境中关联到非软件结构，如CPU、文件系统、网络、开发团队等。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933902002114561"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933901964365825","questionId":"794933900072734721","content":"physical components","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933901985337345","questionId":"794933900072734721","content":"network architecture","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933902002114561","questionId":"794933900072734721","content":"software architecture","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933902018891777","questionId":"794933900072734721","content":"interface architecture","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933943290843137","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">2</span>空。</strong></p>For many years, traditional requirements elicitation techniques involved asking the users what they wanted the system to do. The systems analysts would sit down with users and try to express what the system should do by drawing （71） . This was difficult for the users for several reasons. First, the users may not know what is and is not possible for the system to do. Users are not likely to truly understand the （72） of information systems technologies, especially new advances in technology. Second, users may have difficulty envisioning new ways to （73） . Most of us find creating new ways of doing things to be a challenge because we are so accustomed to things being done the “old way”. Third, it is common for users to describe things they think they want from the new system, but our focus should be on the （74） for the new system. Finally, users often found it difficult to comprehend the process and data modeling （75） used by the analysts.","analyze":"<p>多年来，传统的需求获取技术涉及询问用户他们希望系统做什么。系统分析师会与用户坐下来，试图通过绘制过程模型和数据模型来表达系统应该做什么。由于几个原因，这对用户来说很困难。首先，用户可能不知道系统可以做什么，也不可能做什么。用户不太可能真正了解信息系统技术的能力和局限性，尤其是技术的新进展。第二，用户可能难以设想重新设计业务流程的新方法。我们中的大多数人发现，创造新的做事方式是一项挑战，因为我们已经习惯了用“旧方式”做事。第三，用户通常会描述他们认为自己想要从新系统中得到的东西，但我们的重点应该放在新系统的真正需求上。最后，用户经常发现很难理解分析人员使用的过程和数据建模图形符号。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933945182474241"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933945182474241","questionId":"794933943290843137","content":"capabilities and limitations","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933945207640065","questionId":"794933943290843137","content":"powers","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933945232805889","questionId":"794933943290843137","content":"functions","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933945266360321","questionId":"794933943290843137","content":"qualities","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933842631741441","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p><p>Many of the activities performed during the preliminary investigation are still being conducted in（1 ）, but in much greater depth than before. During this phase, the analyst must become fully aware of the（2 ） and must develop enough knowledge about the（3 ） and the existing systems to enable an effective solution to be proposed and implemented. Besides the（4 ） for process and data of current system, the deliverable from this phase also includes the（5 ） for the proposed system.</p>","analyze":"略","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933844586287105"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933844485623809","questionId":"794933842631741441","content":"hardware environment","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933844502401025","questionId":"794933842631741441","content":"testing environment","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933844519178241","questionId":"794933842631741441","content":"software environment","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933844586287105","questionId":"794933842631741441","content":"business environment","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933874189684737","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p><p>Regardless of how well designed, constructed, and tested a system or application may be, errors or bugs will inevitably occur. Once a system has been （71）, it enters operations and support.</p><p>Systems support is the ongoing technical support for user, as well as the maintenance required to fix any errors, omissions,or new requirements that may arise. Before an information system can be （72）, it must be in operation. System operation is the day-to-day, week-to-week, month-to-month, and year-t-year（73）of an information system's business processes and application programs.</p><p>Unlike systems analysis, design, and implementation, systems support cannot sensibly be（74） into actual phases that a support project must perform. Rather, systems support consists of four ongoing activities that are program maintenance, system recovery, technical support, and system enhancement. Each activity is a type of support project that is（75） by a particular problem, event, or opportunity encountered with the implemented system.</p>","analyze":"<p>一个系统或者应用不论设计建造的多好，以及经过多么严格的测试，都不可避免会产生一些错误。一旦一个系统被（71），它就进入了运营和支持阶段。</p><p>系统的支持与维护工作给用户提供持续不断的技术支持，修复错误和提供新的需求。在一个信息系统被（72）之前，它就已经处于运营阶段。系统运营就是信息系统的业务流程和应用在日复一日、周复一周、月复一月、年复一年的（73）。与系统分析、设计、实施不同，系统支持不能被（74）为实际要执行的阶段,。相反，系统支持由四个阶段组成，程序维护、系统恢复、技术支持、系统增强。每一项活动都会执行中的系统遇到的特定的问题，事件和机会所（75）。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933876098093057"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933876060344321","questionId":"794933874189684737","content":"construction（73题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933876077121537","questionId":"794933874189684737","content":"maintenance（73题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933876098093057","questionId":"794933874189684737","content":"execution（73题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933876119064577","questionId":"794933874189684737","content":"implementation（73题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933931718758401","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p><p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.</p>","analyze":"<p>应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933933694275585"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933933652332545","questionId":"794933931718758401","content":"context DFD","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933933673304065","questionId":"794933931718758401","content":"system DFD","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933933694275585","questionId":"794933931718758401","content":"network architecture DFD ","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933933723635713","questionId":"794933931718758401","content":"event-response DFD","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933902933250049","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p><p>A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of （71） onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the （72） onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1)（73） embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)（74） embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3)（75）embody decisions as to how the system will relate to nonsoftware structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).</p>","analyze":"<p>系统架构是一个系统的一种表示，包含了功能到软硬件构件的映射、软件架构到硬件架构的映射以及对于这些组件人机交互的关注。也就是说，系统架构关注于整个系统，包括硬件、软件和使用者。软件架构结构根据其所展示元素的广义性质，可以被分为三个主要类别。①模块结构将决策体现为一组需要被构建或采购的代码或数据单元。②构件连接器结构将决策体现为系统如何被结构化为一组具有运行时行为和交互的元素。③分配结构将决策体现为系统如何在其环境中关联到非软件结构，如CPU、文件系统、网络、开发团队等。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933904871018497"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933904850046977","questionId":"794933902933250049","content":"Service structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933904871018497","questionId":"794933902933250049","content":"Module structures","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933904896184321","questionId":"794933902933250049","content":"Deployment structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933904921350145","questionId":"794933902933250049","content":"Work assignment structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933977394728961","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p><p>During the analysis phase, analysts create （71） to represent how the business system will operate. At the same time, analysts need to understand the （72） that is used and created by the business system (e.g., customer, order). A(An) （73） is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system; it illustrates people, places, or things about which information is captured and how they are related to each other. The data model is drawn by a(an) （74请作答此空） process in which the model becomes more detailed and less conceptual over time. During analysis, analysts draw a （75） data model, which shows the organization of data without indicating how data are stored, created, or manipulated. Because this model is free of any implementation or technical details, the analysts can focus more easily on matching the diagram to the real business requirements of the system.</p>","analyze":"在分析阶段，分析师创建过程模型来表示业务系统将如何运行。同时，分析师需要了解业务系统使用和创建的信息（例如，客户、订单）。数据模型是表示业务系统使用和创建的数据的一种正式方式；它说明了获取信息的人、地点或事物，以及它们之间的关系。它是通过一个迭代过程绘制的，在这个过程中，模型随着时间的推移变得更详细，概念性更强。在分析过程中，分析师绘制一个逻辑数据模型，该模型显示数据的组织，而不显示数据是如何存储、创建或操作的。因为该模型没有任何实现或技术细节，所以分析人员可以更容易地将重点放在将图表与系统的实际业务需求相匹配上。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933979277971457"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933979277971457","questionId":"794933977394728961","content":"data model","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933979294748673","questionId":"794933977394728961","content":"logical model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933979311525889","questionId":"794933977394728961","content":"abstract model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933979324108801","questionId":"794933977394728961","content":"process model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933963138289665","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.","analyze":"<p>应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933965067669505"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933965017337857","questionId":"794933963138289665","content":"context DFD","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933965042503681","questionId":"794933963138289665","content":"system DFD","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933965067669505","questionId":"794933963138289665","content":"network architecture DFD","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933965088641025","questionId":"794933963138289665","content":"event-response DFD","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933946210078721","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p>For many years, traditional requirements elicitation techniques involved asking the users what they wanted the system to do. The systems analysts would sit down with users and try to express what the system should do by drawing （71） . This was difficult for the users for several reasons. First, the users may not know what is and is not possible for the system to do. Users are not likely to truly understand the （72） of information systems technologies, especially new advances in technology. Second, users may have difficulty envisioning new ways to （73） . Most of us find creating new ways of doing things to be a challenge because we are so accustomed to things being done the “old way”. Third, it is common for users to describe things they think they want from the new system, but our focus should be on the （74） for the new system. Finally, users often found it difficult to comprehend the process and data modeling （75） used by the analysts.","analyze":"<p>多年来，传统的需求获取技术涉及询问用户他们希望系统做什么。系统分析师会与用户坐下来，试图通过绘制过程模型和数据模型来表达系统应该做什么。由于几个原因，这对用户来说很困难。首先，用户可能不知道系统可以做什么，也不可能做什么。用户不太可能真正了解信息系统技术的能力和局限性，尤其是技术的新进展。第二，用户可能难以设想重新设计业务流程的新方法。我们中的大多数人发现，创造新的做事方式是一项挑战，因为我们已经习惯了用“旧方式”做事。第三，用户通常会描述他们认为自己想要从新系统中得到的东西，但我们的重点应该放在新系统的真正需求上。最后，用户经常发现很难理解分析人员使用的过程和数据建模图形符号。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933948131069953"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933948089126913","questionId":"794933946210078721","content":"restructuring","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933948110098433","questionId":"794933946210078721","content":"design recovery","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933948131069953","questionId":"794933946210078721","content":"redesign business processes","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933948147847169","questionId":"794933946210078721","content":"re-engineering","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933857022398465","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p><p>You are developing a server-side enterprise application. It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers, mobile browsers and native mobile applications. The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to consume. It might also(71)with other applications via either web services or a message broker. The application handles requests (HTTP requests and messages) by executing business logic; accessing a database; exchanging messages with other systems; and returning a HTML/JSON/XML(72).There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application.</p><p>What’s the application’s deployment architecture?</p><p>Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of (73) ，collaborating services. This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is:</p><p> ·Highly maintainable and testable —— enables rapid and frequent development and deployment .</p><p> ·Loosely coupled with other services —— enables a team to work independently the majority of time on their service(s) without being impacted by changes to other services and without affecting other services.</p><p> ·(74)deployable —— enables a team to deploy their service without having to coordinate with other teams.</p><p> ·Capable of being developed by a small team —— essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams.</p><p>Services (75) using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or asynchronous protocols such as AMQP. Services can be developed and deployed independently of one another. Each service has its own database in order to be decoupled from other services. Data consistency between services is maintained using some particular pattern.</p>","analyze":"<p>你正在开发一个全方位的企业应用程序，它支持不同的客户端，如桌面浏览器、移动浏览器以及本地移动应用程序。该程序还可以向客户公开第三方接口。它还可以通过Web services或消息代理跟其他应用程序合作。应用程序通过执行业务逻辑，连接数据库，与其他系统交互信息等操作来响应（HTTP以及消息）请求，并返回HTML/JSON /XML响应。它也会有一些逻辑组件对应程序的不同功能区。</p><p>这个应用程序的部署架构是什么样的？</p><p>将应用程序的架构定义为一组在ScaleCube的y轴上松散的互相协作的服务集合。每种服务都是：</p><p>◆高可维护性与可测试性——使得快速频繁地开发部署成为可能。</p><p>◆与其他服务松耦合——使开发团队能够独立工作（大部分时间都在服务器上），而不会被其他服务的更改所影响，也不会影响其他服务。</p><p>◆独立部署——允许团队部署他们的服务，不用跟其他团队合作。</p><p>◆能够被小型的核心团队开发，避免与大团队对高度交流。</p><p>服务使用HTTP /REST或AMQP通信协议。服务可以彼此独立开发和部署。为了跟其他服务解耦，每种服务都有自己的数据库。服务之间使用特定的模式来维护数据的一致性。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933858926612481"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933858905640961","questionId":"794933857022398465","content":"loosely coupled（73题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933858926612481","questionId":"794933857022398465","content":"loosely cohesion（73题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933858939195393","questionId":"794933857022398465","content":"highly coupled（73题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933858955972609","questionId":"794933857022398465","content":"highly cohesion（73题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933917286158337","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p>System analysis is traditionally done top-down using structured analysis based on （ ） . Object-oriented analysis focuses on creation of models. The three types of theanalysis model are（ ）. There are two substages of object-oriented analysis.（ ）focuses on real-world things whose semantics the application captures. The object constructedin the requirement analysis shows the（ ） of the real-world system and organizes it intoworkable pieces.（ ）addresses the computer aspects of the application that are visible tousers. The objects are those which can be expected to vary from time to time quite rapidly.","analyze":"传统的系统分析以功能分解为基础，利用结构化分析自顶向下完成。面向对象分析关注于模型的创建。该分析模型有三种类型：类模型、交互模型和状态模型。面向对象分析有两个子阶段。领域分析侧重于现实世界中那些语义被应用程序获取的事物。在需求分析中所构造的对象说明了现实世界系统的静态结构并将其组织为可用的片段。应用分析处理应用系统中用户可见的计算机问题。所分析的对象可能会被预计时不时地发生较快的变化。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933919181983745"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933919131652097","questionId":"794933917286158337","content":"Static analysis","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933919148429313","questionId":"794933917286158337","content":"Semantic analysis","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933919165206529","questionId":"794933917286158337","content":"Scope analysis","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933919181983745","questionId":"794933917286158337","content":"Domain analysis","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933888597118977","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">3</span>空。</strong></p><p>（71） analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system models become the （ 72 ）for designing and constructing an improved system.（ 73 ）is such a technique. The emphasis in this technique is process-centered. Systems analysts draw a series of process models called （ 74 ）. （ 75 请作答此空 ）is another such technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects.</p>","analyze":"模型驱动的分析方法强调通过绘制图形化的系统模型来说明和验证已有的或待开发的系统。这些系统模型最终会成为设计和构建改进后的系统的蓝图。结构化分析就是这样一种方法，它是以过程为中心的。在结构化分析方法中，系统分析员所绘制的一系列过程模型被称为DFD。面向对象分析是另外一种模型驱动的分析方法，它将数据和过程统一到了一个被称为“对象”的结构中。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933890492944385"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933890492944385","questionId":"794933888597118977","content":"Structured analysis","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933890513915905","questionId":"794933888597118977","content":"Information Engineering","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933890534887425","questionId":"794933888597118977","content":"Discovery Prototyping","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933890551664641","questionId":"794933888597118977","content":"Object-Oriented analysis","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933859878719489","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p><p>You are developing a server-side enterprise application. It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers, mobile browsers and native mobile applications. The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to consume. It might also(71)with other applications via either web services or a message broker. The application handles requests (HTTP requests and messages) by executing business logic; accessing a database; exchanging messages with other systems; and returning a HTML/JSON/XML(72).There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application.</p><p>What’s the application’s deployment architecture?</p><p>Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of (73) ，collaborating services. This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is:</p><p> ·Highly maintainable and testable —— enables rapid and frequent development and deployment .</p><p> ·Loosely coupled with other services —— enables a team to work independently the majority of time on their service(s) without being impacted by changes to other services and without affecting other services.</p><p> ·(74)deployable —— enables a team to deploy their service without having to coordinate with other teams.</p><p> ·Capable of being developed by a small team —— essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams.</p><p>Services (75) using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or asynchronous protocols such as AMQP. Services can be developed and deployed independently of one another. Each service has its own database in order to be decoupled from other services. Data consistency between services is maintained using some particular pattern.</p>","analyze":"<p>你正在开发一个全方位的企业应用程序，它支持不同的客户端，如桌面浏览器、移动浏览器以及本地移动应用程序。该程序还可以向客户公开第三方接口。它还可以通过Web services或消息代理跟其他应用程序合作。应用程序通过执行业务逻辑，连接数据库，与其他系统交互信息等操作来响应（HTTP以及消息）请求，并返回HTML/JSON /XML响应。它也会有一些逻辑组件对应程序的不同功能区。</p><p>这个应用程序的部署架构是什么样的？</p><p>将应用程序的架构定义为一组在ScaleCube的y轴上松散的互相协作的服务集合。每种服务都是：</p><p>◆高可维护性与可测试性——使得快速频繁地开发部署成为可能。</p><p>◆与其他服务松耦合——使开发团队能够独立工作（大部分时间都在服务器上），而不会被其他服务的更改所影响，也不会影响其他服务。</p><p>◆独立部署——允许团队部署他们的服务，不用跟其他团队合作。</p><p>◆能够被小型的核心团队开发，避免与大团队对高度交流。</p><p>服务使用HTTP /REST或AMQP通信协议。服务可以彼此独立开发和部署。为了跟其他服务解耦，每种服务都有自己的数据库。服务之间使用特定的模式来维护数据的一致性。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933861837459457"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933861787127809","questionId":"794933859878719489","content":"Dependently（74题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933861837459457","questionId":"794933859878719489","content":"Independently（74题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933861879402497","questionId":"794933859878719489","content":"Coordinately（74题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933861917151233","questionId":"794933859878719489","content":"Integratedly（74题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933877075365889","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p><p>Regardless of how well designed, constructed, and tested a system or application may be, errors or bugs will inevitably occur. Once a system has been （71）, it enters operations and support.</p><p>Systems support is the ongoing technical support for user, as well as the maintenance required to fix any errors, omissions,or new requirements that may arise. Before an information system can be （72）, it must be in operation. System operation is the day-to-day, week-to-week, month-to-month, and year-t-year（73）of an information system's business processes and application programs.</p><p>Unlike systems analysis, design, and implementation, systems support cannot sensibly be（74） into actual phases that a support project must perform. Rather, systems support consists of four ongoing activities that are program maintenance, system recovery, technical support, and system enhancement. Each activity is a type of support project that is（75） by a particular problem, event, or opportunity encountered with the implemented system.</p>","analyze":"<p>一个系统或者应用不论设计建造的多好，以及经过多么严格的测试，都不可避免会产生一些错误。一旦一个系统被（71），它就进入了运营和支持阶段。</p><p>系统的支持与维护工作给用户提供持续不断的技术支持，修复错误和提供新的需求。在一个信息系统被（72）之前，它就已经处于运营阶段。系统运营就是信息系统的业务流程和应用在日复一日、周复一周、月复一月、年复一年的（73）。与系统分析、设计、实施不同，系统支持不能被（74）为实际要执行的阶段,。相反，系统支持由四个阶段组成，程序维护、系统恢复、技术支持、系统增强。每一项活动都会执行中的系统遇到的特定的问题，事件和机会所（75）。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933879029911553"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933878966996993","questionId":"794933877075365889","content":"broke（74题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933878987968513","questionId":"794933877075365889","content":"formed（74题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933879008940033","questionId":"794933877075365889","content":"composed（74题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933879029911553","questionId":"794933877075365889","content":"decomposed（74题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933891470217217","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p><p>（71） analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system models become the （ 72 ）for designing and constructing an improved system.（ 73 ）is such a technique. The emphasis in this technique is process-centered. Systems analysts draw a series of process models called （ 74 ）. （ 75 请作答此空 ）is another such technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects.</p>","analyze":"模型驱动的分析方法强调通过绘制图形化的系统模型来说明和验证已有的或待开发的系统。这些系统模型最终会成为设计和构建改进后的系统的蓝图。结构化分析就是这样一种方法，它是以过程为中心的。在结构化分析方法中，系统分析员所绘制的一系列过程模型被称为DFD。面向对象分析是另外一种模型驱动的分析方法，它将数据和过程统一到了一个被称为“对象”的结构中。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933893349265409"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933893328293889","questionId":"794933891470217217","content":"PERT","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933893349265409","questionId":"794933891470217217","content":"DFD","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933893370236929","questionId":"794933891470217217","content":"ERD","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933893395402753","questionId":"794933891470217217","content":"UML","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933920096342017","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p>System analysis is traditionally done top-down using structured analysis based on （ ） . Object-oriented analysis focuses on creation of models. The three types of theanalysis model are（ ）. There are two substages of object-oriented analysis.（ ）focuses on real-world things whose semantics the application captures. The object constructedin the requirement analysis shows the（ ） of the real-world system and organizes it intoworkable pieces.（ ）addresses the computer aspects of the application that are visible tousers. The objects are those which can be expected to vary from time to time quite rapidly.","analyze":"传统的系统分析以功能分解为基础，利用结构化分析自顶向下完成。面向对象分析关注于模型的创建。该分析模型有三种类型：类模型、交互模型和状态模型。面向对象分析有两个子阶段。领域分析侧重于现实世界中那些语义被应用程序获取的事物。在需求分析中所构造的对象说明了现实世界系统的静态结构并将其组织为可用的片段。应用分析处理应用系统中用户可见的计算机问题。所分析的对象可能会被预计时不时地发生较快的变化。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933921971195905"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933921971195905","questionId":"794933920096342017","content":"static structure","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933921992167425","questionId":"794933920096342017","content":"system components","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933922013138945","questionId":"794933920096342017","content":"data flows","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933922038304769","questionId":"794933920096342017","content":"program procedures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933934642188289","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p><p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.</p>","analyze":"<p>应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933936605122561"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933936529625089","questionId":"794933934642188289","content":"vertical partitioning and horizontal replication","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933936550596609","questionId":"794933934642188289","content":"vertical replication and horizontal partitioning","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933936579956737","questionId":"794933934642188289","content":"integration and distribution","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933936605122561","questionId":"794933934642188289","content":"partitioning and replication","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933965998804993","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.","analyze":"应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933967928184833"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933967865270273","questionId":"794933965998804993","content":"vertical partitioning and horizontal replication","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933967886241793","questionId":"794933965998804993","content":"vertical replication and horizontal partitioning","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933967903019009","questionId":"794933965998804993","content":"integration and distribution","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933967928184833","questionId":"794933965998804993","content":"partitioning and replication","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933845525811201","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p><p>Many of the activities performed during the preliminary investigation are still being conducted in（1 ）, but in much greater depth than before. During this phase, the analyst must become fully aware of the（2 ） and must develop enough knowledge about the（3 ） and the existing systems to enable an effective solution to be proposed and implemented. Besides the（4 ） for process and data of current system, the deliverable from this phase also includes the（5 ） for the proposed system.</p>","analyze":"略","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933847404859393"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933847404859393","questionId":"794933845525811201","content":"logical models","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933847421636609","questionId":"794933845525811201","content":"physical models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933847442608129","questionId":"794933845525811201","content":"design models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933847459385345","questionId":"794933845525811201","content":"implementation models","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933905839902721","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p><p>A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of （71） onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the （72） onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1)（73） embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)（74） embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3)（75）embody decisions as to how the system will relate to nonsoftware structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).</p>","analyze":"<p>系统架构是一个系统的一种表示，包含了功能到软硬件构件的映射、软件架构到硬件架构的映射以及对于这些组件人机交互的关注。也就是说，系统架构关注于整个系统，包括硬件、软件和使用者。软件架构结构根据其所展示元素的广义性质，可以被分为三个主要类别。①模块结构将决策体现为一组需要被构建或采购的代码或数据单元。②构件连接器结构将决策体现为系统如何被结构化为一组具有运行时行为和交互的元素。③分配结构将决策体现为系统如何在其环境中关联到非软件结构，如CPU、文件系统、网络、开发团队等。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933907752505345"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933907702173697","questionId":"794933905839902721","content":"Decompostion structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933907718950913","questionId":"794933905839902721","content":"Layer structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933907735728129","questionId":"794933905839902721","content":"Implementation structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933907752505345","questionId":"794933905839902721","content":"Component-and-connector structures","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933949062205441","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p>For many years, traditional requirements elicitation techniques involved asking the users what they wanted the system to do. The systems analysts would sit down with users and try to express what the system should do by drawing （71） . This was difficult for the users for several reasons. First, the users may not know what is and is not possible for the system to do. Users are not likely to truly understand the （72） of information systems technologies, especially new advances in technology. Second, users may have difficulty envisioning new ways to （73） . Most of us find creating new ways of doing things to be a challenge because we are so accustomed to things being done the “old way”. Third, it is common for users to describe things they think they want from the new system, but our focus should be on the （74） for the new system. Finally, users often found it difficult to comprehend the process and data modeling （75） used by the analysts.","analyze":"<p>多年来，传统的需求获取技术涉及询问用户他们希望系统做什么。系统分析师会与用户坐下来，试图通过绘制过程模型和数据模型来表达系统应该做什么。由于几个原因，这对用户来说很困难。首先，用户可能不知道系统可以做什么，也不可能做什么。用户不太可能真正了解信息系统技术的能力和局限性，尤其是技术的新进展。第二，用户可能难以设想重新设计业务流程的新方法。我们中的大多数人发现，创造新的做事方式是一项挑战，因为我们已经习惯了用“旧方式”做事。第三，用户通常会描述他们认为自己想要从新系统中得到的东西，但我们的重点应该放在新系统的真正需求上。最后，用户经常发现很难理解分析人员使用的过程和数据建模图形符号。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933951008362497"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933950937059329","questionId":"794933949062205441","content":"frameworks","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933950958030849","questionId":"794933949062205441","content":"codes","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933950983196673","questionId":"794933949062205441","content":"checks before acceptance","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933951008362497","questionId":"794933949062205441","content":"real needs","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933980234272769","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">4</span>空。</strong></p><p>During the analysis phase, analysts create （71） to represent how the business system will operate. At the same time, analysts need to understand the （72） that is used and created by the business system (e.g., customer, order). A(An) （73） is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system; it illustrates people, places, or things about which information is captured and how they are related to each other. The data model is drawn by a(an) （74请作答此空） process in which the model becomes more detailed and less conceptual over time. During analysis, analysts draw a （75） data model, which shows the organization of data without indicating how data are stored, created, or manipulated. Because this model is free of any implementation or technical details, the analysts can focus more easily on matching the diagram to the real business requirements of the system.</p>","analyze":"在分析阶段，分析师创建过程模型来表示业务系统将如何运行。同时，分析师需要了解业务系统使用和创建的信息（例如，客户、订单）。数据模型是表示业务系统使用和创建的数据的一种正式方式；它说明了获取信息的人、地点或事物，以及它们之间的关系。它是通过一个迭代过程绘制的，在这个过程中，模型随着时间的推移变得更详细，概念性更强。在分析过程中，分析师绘制一个逻辑数据模型，该模型显示数据的组织，而不显示数据是如何存储、创建或操作的。因为该模型没有任何实现或技术细节，所以分析人员可以更容易地将重点放在将图表与系统的实际业务需求相匹配上。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933982184624129"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933982155264001","questionId":"794933980234272769","content":"incremental","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933982172041217","questionId":"794933980234272769","content":"recursive","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933982184624129","questionId":"794933980234272769","content":"iterative","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933982201401345","questionId":"794933980234272769","content":"relayed","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933937523675137","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p><p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.</p>","analyze":"<p>应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933939415306241"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933939390140417","questionId":"794933937523675137","content":"storing all data on a single server","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933939415306241","questionId":"794933937523675137","content":"storing specific tables on different servers","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933939444666369","questionId":"794933937523675137","content":"storing subsets of specific tables on different servers","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933939469832193","questionId":"794933937523675137","content":"duplicating specific tables or subsets on different servers","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933954221199361","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p>For many years, traditional requirements elicitation techniques involved asking the users what they wanted the system to do. The systems analysts would sit down with users and try to express what the system should do by drawing （71） . This was difficult for the users for several reasons. First, the users may not know what is and is not possible for the system to do. Users are not likely to truly understand the （72） of information systems technologies, especially new advances in technology. Second, users may have difficulty envisioning new ways to （73） . Most of us find creating new ways of doing things to be a challenge because we are so accustomed to things being done the “old way”. Third, it is common for users to describe things they think they want from the new system, but our focus should be on the （74） for the new system. Finally, users often found it difficult to comprehend the process and data modeling （75） used by the analysts.","analyze":"<p>多年来，传统的需求获取技术涉及询问用户他们希望系统做什么。系统分析师会与用户坐下来，试图通过绘制过程模型和数据模型来表达系统应该做什么。由于几个原因，这对用户来说很困难。首先，用户可能不知道系统可以做什么，也不可能做什么。用户不太可能真正了解信息系统技术的能力和局限性，尤其是技术的新进展。第二，用户可能难以设想重新设计业务流程的新方法。我们中的大多数人发现，创造新的做事方式是一项挑战，因为我们已经习惯了用“旧方式”做事。第三，用户通常会描述他们认为自己想要从新系统中得到的东西，但我们的重点应该放在新系统的真正需求上。最后，用户经常发现很难理解分析人员使用的过程和数据建模图形符号。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933956410626049"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933956314157057","questionId":"794933954221199361","content":"friendly interfaces","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933956347711489","questionId":"794933954221199361","content":"prototypes","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933956381265921","questionId":"794933954221199361","content":"manuals","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933956410626049","questionId":"794933954221199361","content":"graphical symbols","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933894309761025","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p><p>（71） analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system models become the （ 72 ）for designing and constructing an improved system.（ 73 ）is such a technique. The emphasis in this technique is process-centered. Systems analysts draw a series of process models called （ 74 ）. （ 75 请作答此空 ）is another such technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects.</p>","analyze":"模型驱动的分析方法强调通过绘制图形化的系统模型来说明和验证已有的或待开发的系统。这些系统模型最终会成为设计和构建改进后的系统的蓝图。结构化分析就是这样一种方法，它是以过程为中心的。在结构化分析方法中，系统分析员所绘制的一系列过程模型被称为DFD。面向对象分析是另外一种模型驱动的分析方法，它将数据和过程统一到了一个被称为“对象”的结构中。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"D","chooseItem":["794933896239140865"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933896172032001","questionId":"794933894309761025","content":"Structured analysis","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933896193003521","questionId":"794933894309761025","content":"Information Engineering","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933896213975041","questionId":"794933894309761025","content":"Discovery Prototyping","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933896239140865","questionId":"794933894309761025","content":"Object-Oriented analysis","answer":1,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933968834154497","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p>An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include （71）, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and （72）. The first physical DFD to be drawn is the （73）. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data（74）are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of （75）, we should record each table as a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.","analyze":"应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将其连接到相应的服务器。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933970721591297"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933970700619777","questionId":"794933968834154497","content":"storing all data on a single server","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933970721591297","questionId":"794933968834154497","content":"storing specific tables on different servers","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933970738368513","questionId":"794933968834154497","content":"storing subsets of specific tables on different servers","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933970763534337","questionId":"794933968834154497","content":"duplicating specific tables or subsets on different servers","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933848377937921","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p><p>Many of the activities performed during the preliminary investigation are still being conducted in（1 ）, but in much greater depth than before. During this phase, the analyst must become fully aware of the（2 ） and must develop enough knowledge about the（3 ） and the existing systems to enable an effective solution to be proposed and implemented. Besides the（4 ） for process and data of current system, the deliverable from this phase also includes the（5 ） for the proposed system.</p>","analyze":"<p>略</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933850265374721"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933850231820289","questionId":"794933848377937921","content":"hardware and software specification","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933850248597505","questionId":"794933848377937921","content":"system performance specification","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933850265374721","questionId":"794933848377937921","content":"formal requirements definition","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933850277957633","questionId":"794933848377937921","content":"general problem statement","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933862839898113","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p><p>You are developing a server-side enterprise application. It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers, mobile browsers and native mobile applications. The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to consume. It might also(71)with other applications via either web services or a message broker. The application handles requests (HTTP requests and messages) by executing business logic; accessing a database; exchanging messages with other systems; and returning a HTML/JSON/XML(72).There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application.</p><p>What’s the application’s deployment architecture?</p><p>Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of (73) ，collaborating services. This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is:</p><p> ·Highly maintainable and testable —— enables rapid and frequent development and deployment .</p><p> ·Loosely coupled with other services —— enables a team to work independently the majority of time on their service(s) without being impacted by changes to other services and without affecting other services.</p><p> ·(74)deployable —— enables a team to deploy their service without having to coordinate with other teams.</p><p> ·Capable of being developed by a small team —— essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams.</p><p>Services (75) using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or asynchronous protocols such as AMQP. Services can be developed and deployed independently of one another. Each service has its own database in order to be decoupled from other services. Data consistency between services is maintained using some particular pattern.</p>","analyze":"<p>你正在开发一个全方位的企业应用程序，它支持不同的客户端，如桌面浏览器、移动浏览器以及本地移动应用程序。该程序还可以向客户公开第三方接口。它还可以通过Web services或消息代理跟其他应用程序合作。应用程序通过执行业务逻辑，连接数据库，与其他系统交互信息等操作来响应（HTTP以及消息）请求，并返回HTML/JSON /XML响应。它也会有一些逻辑组件对应程序的不同功能区。</p><p>这个应用程序的部署架构是什么样的？</p><p>将应用程序的架构定义为一组在ScaleCube的y轴上松散的互相协作的服务集合。每种服务都是：</p><p>◆高可维护性与可测试性——使得快速频繁地开发部署成为可能。</p><p>◆与其他服务松耦合——使开发团队能够独立工作（大部分时间都在服务器上），而不会被其他服务的更改所影响，也不会影响其他服务。</p><p>◆独立部署——允许团队部署他们的服务，不用跟其他团队合作。</p><p>◆能够被小型的核心团队开发，避免与大团队对高度交流。</p><p>服务使用HTTP /REST或AMQP通信协议。服务可以彼此独立开发和部署。为了跟其他服务解耦，每种服务都有自己的数据库。服务之间使用特定的模式来维护数据的一致性。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933864739917825"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933864706363393","questionId":"794933862839898113","content":"interprate（75题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933864727334913","questionId":"794933862839898113","content":"coordinate（75题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933864739917825","questionId":"794933862839898113","content":"communicate（75题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933864752500737","questionId":"794933862839898113","content":"depend（75题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933983115759617","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p><p>During the analysis phase, analysts create （71） to represent how the business system will operate. At the same time, analysts need to understand the （72） that is used and created by the business system (e.g., customer, order). A(An) （73） is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system; it illustrates people, places, or things about which information is captured and how they are related to each other. The data model is drawn by a(an) （74请作答此空） process in which the model becomes more detailed and less conceptual over time. During analysis, analysts draw a （75） data model, which shows the organization of data without indicating how data are stored, created, or manipulated. Because this model is free of any implementation or technical details, the analysts can focus more easily on matching the diagram to the real business requirements of the system.</p>","analyze":"在分析阶段，分析师创建过程模型来表示业务系统将如何运行。同时，分析师需要了解业务系统使用和创建的信息（例如，客户、订单）。数据模型是表示业务系统使用和创建的数据的一种正式方式；它说明了获取信息的人、地点或事物，以及它们之间的关系。它是通过一个迭代过程绘制的，在这个过程中，模型随着时间的推移变得更详细，概念性更强。在分析过程中，分析师绘制一个逻辑数据模型，该模型显示数据的组织，而不显示数据是如何存储、创建或操作的。因为该模型没有任何实现或技术细节，所以分析人员可以更容易地将重点放在将图表与系统的实际业务需求相匹配上。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"B","chooseItem":["794933984994807809"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933984982224897","questionId":"794933983115759617","content":"physical","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933984994807809","questionId":"794933983115759617","content":"logical","answer":1,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933985011585025","questionId":"794933983115759617","content":"virtual","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933985028362241","questionId":"794933983115759617","content":"detailed","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933908729778177","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p><p>A system's architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of （71） onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the （72） onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1)（73） embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)（74） embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3)（75）embody decisions as to how the system will relate to nonsoftware structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).</p>","analyze":"<p>系统架构是一个系统的一种表示，包含了功能到软硬件构件的映射、软件架构到硬件架构的映射以及对于这些组件人机交互的关注。也就是说，系统架构关注于整个系统，包括硬件、软件和使用者。软件架构结构根据其所展示元素的广义性质，可以被分为三个主要类别。①模块结构将决策体现为一组需要被构建或采购的代码或数据单元。②构件连接器结构将决策体现为系统如何被结构化为一组具有运行时行为和交互的元素。③分配结构将决策体现为系统如何在其环境中关联到非软件结构，如CPU、文件系统、网络、开发团队等。</p><p> </p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933910608826369"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933910608826369","questionId":"794933908729778177","content":"Allocation structures","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933910621409281","questionId":"794933908729778177","content":"Class structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933910646575105","questionId":"794933908729778177","content":"Concurrency structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933910663352321","questionId":"794933908729778177","content":"Uses structures","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933879956852737","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p><p>Regardless of how well designed, constructed, and tested a system or application may be, errors or bugs will inevitably occur. Once a system has been （71）, it enters operations and support.</p><p>Systems support is the ongoing technical support for user, as well as the maintenance required to fix any errors, omissions,or new requirements that may arise. Before an information system can be （72）, it must be in operation. System operation is the day-to-day, week-to-week, month-to-month, and year-t-year（73）of an information system's business processes and application programs.</p><p>Unlike systems analysis, design, and implementation, systems support cannot sensibly be（74） into actual phases that a support project must perform. Rather, systems support consists of four ongoing activities that are program maintenance, system recovery, technical support, and system enhancement. Each activity is a type of support project that is（75） by a particular problem, event, or opportunity encountered with the implemented system.</p>","analyze":"<p>一个系统或者应用不论设计建造的多好，以及经过多么严格的测试，都不可避免会产生一些错误。一旦一个系统被（71），它就进入了运营和支持阶段。</p><p>系统的支持与维护工作给用户提供持续不断的技术支持，修复错误和提供新的需求。在一个信息系统被（72）之前，它就已经处于运营阶段。系统运营就是信息系统的业务流程和应用在日复一日、周复一周、月复一月、年复一年的（73）。与系统分析、设计、实施不同，系统支持不能被（74）为实际要执行的阶段,。相反，系统支持由四个阶段组成，程序维护、系统恢复、技术支持、系统增强。每一项活动都会执行中的系统遇到的特定的问题，事件和机会所（75）。</p>","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"A","chooseItem":["794933881865261057"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933881865261057","questionId":"794933879956852737","content":"triggered（75题）","answer":1,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933881898815489","questionId":"794933879956852737","content":"leaded（75题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933881936564225","questionId":"794933879956852737","content":"caused（75题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933881965924353","questionId":"794933879956852737","content":"produced（75题）","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null},{"id":"794933922956857345","title":"<p><strong>请作答第<span style=\"color: red\">5</span>空。</strong></p>System analysis is traditionally done top-down using structured analysis based on （ ） . Object-oriented analysis focuses on creation of models. The three types of theanalysis model are（ ）. There are two substages of object-oriented analysis.（ ）focuses on real-world things whose semantics the application captures. The object constructedin the requirement analysis shows the（ ） of the real-world system and organizes it intoworkable pieces.（ ）addresses the computer aspects of the application that are visible tousers. The objects are those which can be expected to vary from time to time quite rapidly.","analyze":"传统的系统分析以功能分解为基础，利用结构化分析自顶向下完成。面向对象分析关注于模型的创建。该分析模型有三种类型：类模型、交互模型和状态模型。面向对象分析有两个子阶段。领域分析侧重于现实世界中那些语义被应用程序获取的事物。在需求分析中所构造的对象说明了现实世界系统的静态结构并将其组织为可用的片段。应用分析处理应用系统中用户可见的计算机问题。所分析的对象可能会被预计时不时地发生较快的变化。","multi":0,"questionType":1,"answer":"C","chooseItem":["794933924894625793"],"itemList":[{"id":"794933924840099841","questionId":"794933922956857345","content":"Program analysis","answer":0,"chooseValue":"A"},{"id":"794933924865265665","questionId":"794933922956857345","content":"Function requirement","answer":0,"chooseValue":"B"},{"id":"794933924894625793","questionId":"794933922956857345","content":"Application analysis","answer":1,"chooseValue":"C"},{"id":"794933924923985921","questionId":"794933922956857345","content":"Physical model","answer":0,"chooseValue":"D"}],"userAnswer":null,"userChooseItem":null,"answerCorrect":null,"userCollect":null}]}}
